Kiri M. Kind'ile

Ruge, Arnold, 1802-1880, saksa poliitik ja poliitiline kirjanikKind, Moritz, 1793-1846, juristTeatab, et O. L. B. Wolffi saksa kirjanduse entsüklopeedias tema kohta esitatud andmed on õige

Bio-nano interactions in the peripheral lungs: role of pulmonary surfactant components in alveolar macrophage clearance of nanoparticles

Bio-nano interactions can be considered as the sum of complex processes and reactions occurring when nanoparticles (NP) get in contact with living systems. Regarding deposition of NPs in the lungs, interactions with the here primarily encountered biological matter, i.e. pulmonary surfactant (PS) are of particular interest, as they might play a significant role the further biological fate of such systems. Therefore, the central topic of this work was to investigate the binding of relevant components from PS to model NPs with chemically differing surface modifications. Moreover, effects of PS biomolecules on NP uptake by alveolar macrophages (AM) as the main clearance pathway for particulate matter from the peripheral lungs were studied. It could be demonstrated that adsorption of surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) to NPs occurs in a manner primarily dependent on particle material properties. In addition, the further interaction of such protein-particles complexes with AMs is greatly influenced by these proteins. Furthermore, it could be shown that surfactant lipids can modulate such protein-mediated effects, leading to the overall conclusion that the complex interplay of PS components potentially assimilates the AM clearance of NPs, regardless of their surface properties. In summary, these findings contribute to a better understanding of how NP-based systems interact at the air- blood-barrier.Wenn Nanopartikel (NP) mit lebenden Systemen in Kontakt kommen, laufen komplexe Prozesse und Reaktionen ab, die in ihrer Gesamtheit als Bio-Nano- Wechselwirkungen (Ww) beschrieben werden. Hinsichtlich der Abscheidung von NP in der Lunge sind die Ww mit den dort vorzufindenden Strukturen von besonderem Interesse. Gerade die Bestandteile des pulmonalen Surfactants (PS) können hier eine Schlüsselrolle einnehmen und biologische Reaktionen in Folge ihrer Ww mit NP maßgeblich beeinflussen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde daher das Bindungsverhalten von Bestandteilen des PS an Modell-NP in Abhängigkeit ihrer Oberflächeneigenschaften getestet. Zudem wurde der Einfluss von PS–Bestandteilen auf die zelluläre Aufnahme durch Alveolarmakrophagen (AM) untersucht, welche essentiell zur Elimination von Partikeln aus der Lunge beitragen. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die Adsorption von Surfactant Protein A (SP-A) und D (SP- D) vor allem von NP-Materialeigenschaften abhängig ist, und dass die adsorbierten Proteine die AM-Aufnahme von NP erhöhen. Es wurde zudem gezeigt, dass Surfactant Lipide in der Lage sind, proteinvermittelte Effekte zu modulieren. Insbesondere konnte eine Angleichung der Aufnahmerate von unterschiedlichen NP durch AM beobachtet werden, welche dem komplexen Zusammenspiel der verschiedenen PS-Bestandteile zuzuschreiben ist. Insgesamt tragen die hier vorgestellten Ergebnisse zu einem besseren Verständnis des Verhaltens von NP an der Blut-Luft-Schranke bei

Large-scale phenotyping of patients with long COVID post-hospitalization reveals mechanistic subtypes of disease

One in ten severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections result in prolonged symptoms termed long coronavirus disease (COVID), yet disease phenotypes and mechanisms are poorly understood1. Here we profiled 368 plasma proteins in 657 participants ≥3 months following hospitalization. Of these, 426 had at least one long COVID symptom and 233 had fully recovered. Elevated markers of myeloid inflammation and complement activation were associated with long COVID. IL-1R2, MATN2 and COLEC12 were associated with cardiorespiratory symptoms, fatigue and anxiety/depression; MATN2, CSF3 and C1QA were elevated in gastrointestinal symptoms and C1QA was elevated in cognitive impairment. Additional markers of alterations in nerve tissue repair (SPON-1 and NFASC) were elevated in those with cognitive impairment and SCG3, suggestive of brain–gut axis disturbance, was elevated in gastrointestinal symptoms. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) was persistently elevated in some individuals with long COVID, but virus was not detected in sputum. Analysis of inflammatory markers in nasal fluids showed no association with symptoms. Our study aimed to understand inflammatory processes that underlie long COVID and was not designed for biomarker discovery. Our findings suggest that specific inflammatory pathways related to tissue damage are implicated in subtypes of long COVID, which might be targeted in future therapeutic trials

SARS-CoV-2-specific nasal IgA wanes 9 months after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and is not induced by subsequent vaccination

BACKGROUND: Most studies of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 focus on circulating antibody, giving limited insights into mucosal defences that prevent viral replication and onward transmission. We studied nasal and plasma antibody responses one year after hospitalisation for COVID-19, including a period when SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was introduced. METHODS: In this follow up study, plasma and nasosorption samples were prospectively collected from 446 adults hospitalised for COVID-19 between February 2020 and March 2021 via the ISARIC4C and PHOSP-COVID consortia. IgA and IgG responses to NP and S of ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Delta and Omicron (BA.1) variants were measured by electrochemiluminescence and compared with plasma neutralisation data. FINDINGS: Strong and consistent nasal anti-NP and anti-S IgA responses were demonstrated, which remained elevated for nine months (p < 0.0001). Nasal and plasma anti-S IgG remained elevated for at least 12 months (p < 0.0001) with plasma neutralising titres that were raised against all variants compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Of 323 with complete data, 307 were vaccinated between 6 and 12 months; coinciding with rises in nasal and plasma IgA and IgG anti-S titres for all SARS-CoV-2 variants, although the change in nasal IgA was minimal (1.46-fold change after 10 months, p = 0.011) and the median remained below the positive threshold determined by pre-pandemic controls. Samples 12 months after admission showed no association between nasal IgA and plasma IgG anti-S responses (R = 0.05, p = 0.18), indicating that nasal IgA responses are distinct from those in plasma and minimally boosted by vaccination. INTERPRETATION: The decline in nasal IgA responses 9 months after infection and minimal impact of subsequent vaccination may explain the lack of long-lasting nasal defence against reinfection and the limited effects of vaccination on transmission. These findings highlight the need to develop vaccines that enhance nasal immunity. FUNDING: This study has been supported by ISARIC4C and PHOSP-COVID consortia. ISARIC4C is supported by grants from the National Institute for Health and Care Research and the Medical Research Council. Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre provided infrastructure support for this research. The PHOSP-COVD study is jointly funded by UK Research and Innovation and National Institute of Health and Care Research. The funders were not involved in the study design, interpretation of data or the writing of this manuscript

La Fondation de la démocratie en Allemagne

Aux sources d’une pensée démocratique et socialiste ou social-démocrate en Allemagne, longtemps occultée par le(s) marxisme(s) et par la pensée antilibérale et antidémocratique, voire crypto-nazie, ce texte intéressera ceux qui, au sujet du « couple franco-allemand » en Europe, souhaitent réfléchir au-delà des clichés sommairement pessimistes ou naïvement optimistes. Alors que l’échec des révolutions de 1848 est général, Arnold Ruge, hégélien de gauche et député au Parlement de Francfort, exprime l’espoir d’une « seconde révolution » plus radicale que la première, celle de mars 1848, et qui fonderait une république sociale et démocratique. La formule est du socialiste français Louis Blanc, avec qui Ruge, avant sa rupture avec Marx, fut en contact à Paris en 1843-1844. Opposé au despotisme ancien, au libéralisme bourgeois et au communisme et anticipant, en citant Proudhon, sur les projets autogestionnaires du xxe siècle, Ruge propose la suppression du salariat et un coopératisme généralisé avec maintien d’un État régulateur

L’État du peuple, une rétrospective

I. Après la révolution 1. État du peuple et république sociale et démocratique Nous voulons à présent être libres, qu'il n'y ait plus de maîtres, ni de serviteurs ! Dans le despotisme, le peuple faisait ce que voulait le gouvernement, le peuple était un serviteur privé de volonté, un sujet ; dans la démocratie, le peuple fait ce que veut le peuple. Il n’est le serviteur de personne. La volonté du peuple n’est la loi que lorsque le peuple n’abandonne, ni le pouvoir législatif, ni le pouvoir ex..

Paris et Saint-Pétersbourg

Ruge Arnold. Paris et Saint-Pétersbourg. In: La Révolution de 1848 et les révolutions du XIXe siècle, Tome 36, Numéro 170, Septembre-octobre-novembre 1939. pp. 107-109