La pesca costera en la Argentina

Se aborda el estudio de la pesca costera en la Argentina (océano Atlántico sudoccidental) teniendo en cuenta los factores económicos, sociales y políticos que promovieron su retraso o desarrollo. Para comprenderlo se analizan las diversas etapas históricas desde la época de la conquista (1580) hasta nuestros días. Se detalla sobre la actualidad de las artes de pesca en pequeña escala, las características de los pescadores, el manejo de las pesquerías costeras y el conflicto por los recursos y perspectivas

Bycatch of franciscana dolphins Pontoporia blainvillei and the dynamic of artisanal fisheries in the species' southernmost area of distribution

Na Argentina, a toninha é um dos cetáceos mais vulneráveis devido às capturas por rede de pesca artesanal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar as capturas acidentais no sul da província de Buenos Aires, através de entrevistas aos capitães de barcos de pesca artesanal, entre os anos 2006-2009. As capturas foram reportadas para redes de emalhe e de camarão; com as mais altas frequências entre outubro e fevereiro, a 5 km da costa e 10-20 m de profundidade. A mortalidade acidental média anual estimada foi de 107 golfinhos (IC 95% = 87-129), 92 em redes de emalhe (IC 95% = 73-112) e 15 em redes de camarão (IC 95% = 8-25), com uma captura de 0,029 golfinhos/km de rede de emalhe (IC 95% = 0,023-0,036) e 0,024/rede de camarão (IC 95% = 0,012-0,035). As flutuações anuais responderam principalmente às diferenças nos dias de pesca. Considerando o último levantamento estimativo feito para o norte costeiro da província, estima-se uma mortalidade entre 360-539 golfinhos/ano em toda a província de Buenos Aires. Esses valores correspondem de 2,5-3,7% da abundância populacional da Argentina; o que traria como consequência um declínio populacional da espécie, tornando-se fundamental encontrar alternativas de pesca para a área.In Argentina, the franciscana dolphin is one of the most vulnerable cetaceans regularly entangled in coastal artisanal fishery nets. The aim of this paper is to estimate the species' incidental mortality on the Southern coast of Buenos Aires province through interviews with the captains of artisanal fishing vessels, in the period 2006-2009. Franciscana bycatch was reported for gillnets and shrimper gear all year round but it occurred more frequently between October and February, at 5 km offshore and 10-20 m depth. The estimated mean annual incidental mortality was 107 dolphins (CI 95% = 87-129), 92 caught in gillnets (CI 95% = 73-112) and 15 in shrimpers' gear (CI 95% = 8-25) with a capture per unit effort of 0.029 dolphins per km of gillnet (CI 95% = 0.023-0.036) and 0.022 per shrimpe r's net (CI 95% = 0.012-0.035). Annual fluctuations were due to differences in the number of gillnetting fishing days. If mortality estimates for the Northern coast are also taken into account, values attain a maximum of 360-539 dolphins bycaught in the entire Buenos Aires province, representing 2.5-3.7% of the species' abundance in Argentina. This will inevitably lead to the decline of franciscana dolphin populations in the near future unless alternative fishing grounds are identified and alternative gearadopted

Flota costera argentina: antecedentes y situación actual

Historic records of the coastal fleet, their evolution and present situation were analyzed. Coastal fishing was characterized and, according to ecologic and environmental parameters, divided into bonaerense and patagonic areas. Fleets participation in the coastal fisheries of the Province of Buenos Aires and characteristics of coastal fishing fleets of the different argentinian harbors were analyze

Coastal fisheries of Argentina

Over centuries the coasts of Argentina were inhabited by aboriginal peoples that, mostly towards the south, harvested marine resources. The archaeological record shows evidence of consumption of mammals, amphibians, molluscs and fishes along Patagonian shores. The gathering methods and knowledge of these early fishers were not, however, incorporated by the colonial society, contrary to what was the case in Peru and Chile, which became leading countries with regard to artisanal fishing activities. It is perhaps because of this, together with prevalent policies that prioritized agriculture and husbandry, that fishing and fishers are perceived as exotic (Mateo Oviedo, 2003).Fil: Elias, Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Carozza, Claudia Raquel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Subsede Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Di Giácomo, Edgardo E.. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto de Biología Marina y Pesquera Almirante Storni; ArgentinaFil: Isla, Miguel S.. Secretaría de Promoción Económica y Fiscal; ArgentinaFil: Orensanz, Jose Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Parma, Ana María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Pereiro, Raúl C.. Universidad del Trabajo del Uruguay; UruguayFil: Perier, María Raquel. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto de Biología Marina y Pesquera Almirante Storni; ArgentinaFil: Perrotta, Ricardo Geronimo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Subsede Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Re, Maria Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Ruarte, Claudio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Subsede Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentin

Parasites of Percophis brasiliensis (Percophidae) benefited from fishery regulations: Indicators of success for marine protected areas?

Fishing is the greatest source of anthropogenic impact on global marine resources and the ecosystems supporting them. The decline of many fish stocks has led to the need to apply control and protection measures to promote the recovery of these resources.In the Argentine Sea, a multispecies coastal fishery in the El Rincón region has displayed signs of overexploitation since the beginning of the century. Consequently, temporal and spatial protection measures were implemented in 2004.In previous studies, an independent stock of Percophis brasiliensis in El Rincón was identified based on the parasite communities of fish caught in 2005. However, no subsequent studies using parasite communities have been performed since the protective fishery closure measures were applied.To evaluate parasites as indicators of temporal change in the El Rincón stock of P. brasiliensis after the implementation of these protection measures, a sample from 2018 was compared with that from the previous study, as well as with three other samples. Two of the latter (Argentine Common Fishing Zone and San Matías Gulf) corresponded to previously identified independent stocks in the Argentine biogeographical province and the third was a new sample from the Magellanic Province in southern Patagonian waters.The structure and composition of parasite assemblages of the El Rincón stock of P. brasiliensis differed significantly in 2018, after several years of protective measures. The increased loads observed in several parasite species constitute a promising signal of successful ecosystem recovery. A discrete stock in the Magellanic Province was also identified, providing insights into the population structure of P. brasiliensis along its distributional range, with applications for the sustainable management of this resource.Fil: Braicovich, Paola Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Irigoitia, Manuel Marcial. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Bovcon, Nelson Darío. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Trelew; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Timi, Juan Tomas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin

Population structure, distribution and abundance patterns of the patagonian smoothhound mustelus schmitti springer, 1939 (chondrichthyes, elasmobranchii, triakidae) in the Rio de la Plata and inner continental shelf, SW Atlantic Ocean (34º30’-39º30’s)

A total number of 4824 Mustelus schmitti was sampled. Females ranged from 25 to 93 cm in spring and from 28 to 90 cm in summer. Males ranged from 34 to 82 and from 28 to 77 cm, respectively. Length composition of the population showed significant differences between spring and summer being females larger than males. Total length distribution did not show significant differences between cruises. Males density varied significantly between cruises while for the females no significant variation was observed. In the spring cruise, both sexes occurred at depths lower than 50 m. Females occurred in the whole area with adult occurrence only above 35°30’S. Mature males occurred throughout the area, immature males occurring in two trawls in Samborombón Bay. The summer cruise showed a discontinuous distribution of the species along the study area resulting in spatial segregation in two groups with immature females predominating in both of them.Um total de 4824 Mustelus schmitti foi amostrado. As fêmeas apresentaram comprimento total de 25-93 cm na primavera e 28-90 cm no verão enquanto os machos apresentaram 34-82 e de 28-77 cm, respectivamente. A composição de comprimentos da população mostrou diferenças significativas entre primavera e verão sendo as fêmeas maiores do que os machos. A distribuição de comprimento total não variou significativamente entre cruzeiros. A densidade variou significativamente entre cruzeiros nos machos sendo que a variação não foi expressiva nas fêmeas. No cruzeiro da primavera, ambos os sexos ocorreram em profundidades menores do que 50 m, as fêmeas ocorrendo em toda a área de estudo, as adultas somente acima da latitude 35°30’S. Os machos adultos foram observados em toda a área sendo que os imaturos somente em dois arrastos na Bahia de Samborombón. O cruzeiro de verão mostrou uma distribuição descontínua da espécie ao longo da área de estudo, resultando na segregação espacial em dois grupos, com predominância de fêmeas imaturas em ambos