Il sospetto: anticamera della verità o catastrofe della fiducia

Il presente Working Paper raccoglie i contenuti delle relazioni e delle discussioni che hanno animato il primo evento pubblico organizzato dal LACoPS il 24 gennaio 2013 nell’Auditorium dell’Università della Svizzera Italiana a Lugano. Tema: “Il sospetto – anticamera della verità o catastrofe della fiducia?”. I relatori – Eddo Rigotti e Rudi Palmieri, Graziano Martignoni, Stiliano Ordolli, François Degeorge e Antonio Perugini – sono intervenuti affrontando alcune domande rilevanti nella sfera pubblica: “Quando si abusa del sospetto?” Come evitare il prevalere di una cultura del sospetto in un’epoca in cui tutti parlano di crisi di fiducia?

Quelle sera l'évolution de Minergie dans ces prochaines années ?

Grâce à la prise de conscience de la population, le développement durable prend de plus en plus de place dans notre société. Néanmoins, la consommation énergétique reste un réel problème. Aussi, il en ressort qu’en Suisse 40% de la consommation énergétique et un tiers des émissions de CO2 sont dus aux bâtiments (OFEN, 2016). Des lois ont été introduites afin de pallier à ce problème et des centres de certifications ont vu le jour afin de réduire la consommation énergétique des bâtiments. L’association Minergie est la référence dans les bâtiments confortables consommant peu d’énergie. Cependant, aujourd’hui, il existe d’autres centres de certification ou normes qui permettent d’atteindre, plus au moins, les mêmes objectifs, tel que les bâtiments à haute performance énergétique (HPE). De plus, la récente mise à jour du MoPEC, et sa prochaine introduction, oblige Minergie à se mettre à jour. L’objectif de ce travail de bachelor est de connaître la future évolution de Minergie tout en prenant en compte les principales parties prenantes. Aussi, par exemple, une analyse des 5 (+1) forces de Porter ainsi qu’un SWOT ont été établis afin de prendre en compte les points essentiels. Les informations récoltées durant ces quelques mois, sur internet et grâce aux entretiens, m’ont permis d’envisager l’évolution de Minergie : réduire les écarts de performance. En effet, il arrive que la consommation réelle dépasse celle planifiée, parfois du double. Pour réduire ces écarts, il est possible de suivre diverses pistes, telles que mieux informer les locataires afin d’optimiser l’utilisation du logement. D’ailleurs, dès cette année, Minergie propose de nouveaux services afin de pallier, entre autres, aux écarts de performance

Age Differences in Intra-Individual Variability in Simple and Choice Reaction Time: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Intra-individual variability in reaction time (RT IIV) is considered to be an index of central nervous system functioning. Such variability is elevated in neurodegenerative diseases or following traumatic brain injury. It has also been suggested to increase with age in healthy ageing.To investigate and quantify age differences in RT IIV in healthy ageing; to examine the effect of different tasks and procedures; to compare raw and mean-adjusted measures of RT IIV.Four electronic databases: PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science and EMBASE, and hand searching of reference lists of relevant studies.English language journal articles, books or book chapters, containing quantitative empirical data on simple and/or choice RT IIV. Samples had to include younger (under 60 years) and older (60 years and above) human adults.Studies were evaluated in terms of sample representativeness and data treatment. Relevant data were extracted, using a specially-designed form, from the published report or obtained directly from the study authors. Age-group differences in raw and RT-mean-adjusted measures of simple and choice RT IIV were quantified using random effects meta-analyses.Older adults (60+ years) had greater RT IIV than younger (20-39) and middle-aged (40-59) adults. Age effects were larger in choice RT tasks than in simple RT tasks. For all measures of RT IIV, effect sizes were larger for the comparisons between older and younger adults than between older and middle-aged adults, indicating that the age-related increases in RT IIV are not limited to old age. Effect sizes were also larger for raw than for RT-mean-adjusted RT IIV measures.RT IIV is greater among older adults. Some (but not all) of the age-related increases in RT IIV are accounted for by the increased RT means

Retour au sport après reconstruction du LCA: quelle est la relation entre l'état psychologique et la fonction du genou du patient ?

Introduction : La lésion du ligament croisé antérieur (LCA) est fréquente chez le sportif. Bien que la chirurgie soit recommandée pour un retour au sport (RTS), seuls 65% des patients y parviennent. Objectif : Identifier la relation entre les déterminants du RTS après reconstruction du LCA. Materiel et méthode : Etude rétrospective exploratoire sur 32 patients analysant les résultats aux tests physiques (force ischio-jambiers et quadriceps, fonction du genou mesurée par le Triple Hop for Distance (THD)) et le questionnaire Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) évaluant l’état psychologique après reconstruction du LCA. Une régression linéaire multiple a été réalisée entre l’état psychologique, les paramètres physiques, le sexe, la plastie, la lésion et la fonction du genou, ainsi qu’une analyse de corrélation entre la fonction du genou, l'état psychologique et les paramètres physiques. Résultats : La régression linéaire multiple montre que seul l’ACL-RSI aurait tendance à influencer le THD (p=0.083). Une corrélation négative (p=0.013) est observée entre l’ACL-RSI et le THD et une corrélation modérée entre le THD et la force du quadriceps et des ischio-jambiers (p=0.004, p=0.046). Discussion : La corrélation négative entre l’état psychologique et la fonction du genou met en évidence des sujets se surestimant qui seront probablement à risque de blessure. Conclusion : L’état psychologique aurait tendance à influencer la fonction du genou. L’amélioration des paramètres physiques est liée aux capacités fonctionnelles. Une étude prospective permettrait d'appuyer l’inclusion des paramètres psychologiques dans le traitement physiothérapeutique pour augmenter le RTS

Laryngeal Preservation Strategies in Locally Advanced Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancers.

For long, the treatment of locoregionally advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell cancers (SCC) consisted of either total laryngectomy (TL) or definitive radiotherapy (RT). The development of induction cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (PF) and the correlation between chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity in previously untreated patients opened a new era of treatment aiming at laryngeal preservation (LP). The fundamental concept was to employ induction PF in order to select patients for subsequent treatment with either TL or RT according to tumor response to PF. The first two trials (VALGSG for laryngeal SCC and EORTC 24891 for hypopharyngeal SCC) concluded that such an approach could preserve nearly 60% of larynx without deleterious impact on survival. The EORTC 24954 trial compared 4 cycles of induction PF followed by RT in good responders vs. alternating PF-RT in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal SCC. There was no significant difference in 5-year overall survival with a functional larynx between the two arms (31 vs. 35%). The GORTEC 2000-01 trial compared induction PF to induction PF plus docetaxel (TPF) both followed by RT in good responders in larynx and hypopharynx SCC. The 5-year LP was significantly higher in the TPF arm (60 vs. 39%) but without a difference in survival. The RTOG 91-11 trial compared induction PF followed by RT in good responders vs. concurrent chemoradiotherapy (chemo-RT) vs. RT alone in laryngeal SCC. There was no significant difference in 5-year laryngectomy-free survival between the patients treated with induction chemotherapy (44%) vs. those treated with chemo-RT (47%), both being superior to RT alone (34%). At 5 years, LP was superior with chemo-RT: 84 vs. 71% with induction PF. Two phase II trials explored the role of cetuximab (E) in LP in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal SCC. The TREMPLIN trial compared RT+E or chemo-RT (RT + P) after TPF. The DeLOS-II trial compared TPE followed by RT+E vs. TP followed by RT. However, these trials failed to indicate an advantage for the incorporation of E in the treatment paradigm. To date, two approaches for LP have been validated: induction TPF followed by RT for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal SCC and concurrent chemo-RT for laryngeal SCC. An ongoing trial (SALTORL) is comparing these two approaches, induction TPF and chemo-RT, in laryngeal/ hypopharyngeal SCC