95,908 research outputs found

    The compressibility and high pressure structure of diopside from first principles simulation

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    The structure of diopside (CaMgSi2O6) has been calculated at pressures between 0 and 25 GPa using the planewaves and pseudopotentials approach to density functional theory. After applying a pressure correction of 4.66 GPa to allow for the under-binding usually associated with the generalized gradient approximation, cell parameters are in good agreement with experiment. Fitting to the third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state yields values of 122 GPa and 4.7 for the bulk modulus and its pressure derivative. In addition to cell parameters, our calculations provide all atomic positional parameters to pressures considerably beyond those currently available from experiment. We have analyzed these data in terms of polyhedral rigidity and regularity and find that the most compressible Ca polyhedron becomes markedly less anisotropic above 10 GPa

    Nucleotides: Structure and Properties

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    Nucleotides consist of a nitrogen-containing base, a five-carbon sugar, and one or more phosphate groups. Cells contain many types of nucleotides, which play a central role in a wide variety of cellular processes, including metabolic regulation and the storage and utilization of genetic information

    Supercoiled DNA: Structure

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    Still in Deficit: Rights, Regulation, and Democracy in the European Union

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    Critics of the EU's democratic deficit standardly attribute the problem to either sociocultural reasons, principally the lack of a demos and public sphere, or institutional factors, notably the lack of electoral accountability because of the limited ability of the European Parliament to legislate and control the executive powers of the Commission and the Council of Ministers. Recently two groups of theorists have argued neither deficit need prove problematic. The first group adopts a rights-based view of democracy and claims that a European consensus on rights, as represented by the Charter of Fundamental European Rights, can offer the basis of citizen allegiance to EU wide democracy, thereby overcoming the demos deficit. The second group adopts a public-interest view of democracy and argues that so long as delegated authorities enact policies that are ‘for’ the people, then the absence of institutional forms that facilitate democracy ‘by’ the people are likewise unnecessary—indeed, in certain areas they may be positively harmful. This article argues that both views are normatively and empirically flawed. This is because there is no consensus on rights or the public interest apart from the majority view of a demos secured through parliamentary institutions. To the extent that these remain absent at the EU level, a democratic deficit continues to exist

    Understanding self and other

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    Interpersonal understanding is rooted in social engagement. The question is: How? What features of intersubjective coordination are essential for the growth of concepts about the mind, and how does development proceed on this basis? Carpendale & Lewis (C&L) offer many telling insights, but their account begs questions about the earliest forms of self-other linkage and differentiation, especially as mediated by processes of identification

    Energetics of jets from X-ray binaries

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    I discuss the energetics of synchrotron-emitting outflows, increasingly found to be present in many different classes of X-ray binary systems. It is shown that the outflow is likely to be comparable in power to the integrated X-ray luminosity, traditionally taken to be an indicator of the global mass-transfer rate. This is especially found to be the case in the (low/)hard states of black hole candidate systems. I conclude that jets are extremely important, energetically and dynamically, for the accretion process in the majority of known X-ray binary systems.Comment: To be published in `Proceedings of the Third Microquasar Workshop: Granada Workshop on galactic relativistic jet sources', Eds A. J. Castro-Tirado, J. Greiner and J. M. Paredes, Astrophysics and Space Science, in pres
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