El cuerpo y sus sociologías

Traducción del francés de Luis Alfonso Palau CastañoEl objeto “cuerpo”, mediante la proliferación de sus modos posibles de aparición, informa no solamente sobre la sociedad sino también sobre las principales corrientes de la sociología. La atención que le han dispensado los sociólogos al cuerpo no es nueva. Émile Durkheim, en La división del trabajo social, hacía de él un elemento indispensable para la vida social por hallarse permanentemente en juego. En Las formas elementales de la vida religiosa, Durkheim describía el cuerpo como protagonista de la experiencia de socialización en la presencia de los fieles. Posteriormente, los sociólogos han escrito mucho acerca del cuerpo. En los años 1980, una generación de autores se entregó a una nueva ambición, en parte provocada por la gran atención prestada al cuerpo en la sociedad contemporánea, haciendo de este una rama de investigación específica

Identifying a motivational process surrounding adherence to exercise and dietamong adults with type 2 diabetes

Objectives: This paper aims to provide physicians with knowledge about the motivational processessurrounding exercise and diet for patients with type 2 diabetes and to offer patient support measures tofavor self-management. To respond to this objective, the links between two kind of motivators (i.e., promotionand prevention foci), the Selection, Optimization and Compensation (SOC) self-management strategy, andadherence to exercise and diet of patients with type 2 diabetes were investigated for the first time in theliterature.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 491 French volunteer participants with type 2diabetes diagnosed for at least 3 months (Age = 61.66 ± 9.63; BMI = 29.8 ± 5.9). Participants completedan online self-report survey measuring SOC strategy, promotion and prevention foci, and adherence toexercise and diet.Results: The main results of path and bootstrapping analysis demonstrated that promotion focus waspositively related with SOC strategy (β = .69, p < .001) whereas prevention focus was not (β = −.01, ns.).On the other hand, SOC strategy was positively related with exercise (β = .20, p < .05), general diet(β = .49, p < .001), fruit and vegetable consumption (β = .27, p < .001), and spacing of carbohydrates(β = .40, p < .001), and mediated the positive link between promotion focus and these behaviors(bootstrapped 95% CI: [.11; .40], [.52; .81], [.22; .54], [.37; .70], respectively).Conclusion: This paper addresses a gap in previous research by evidencing a motivator that promotesself-management for exercise and diet among patients with type 2 diabetes. Our results suggest thatphysicians should privilege an interaction with patients oriented toward promotional motivation so asto favor their patients’ self-management regarding exercise and diet

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to &lt;90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], &gt;300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of &lt;15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P&lt;0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P&lt;0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Le corps féminin culturiste

International audienc

Regards sur la métamorphose corporelle des femmes culturistes

Communication orale au colloque "Le corps extrême dans les sociétés occidentales" organisé par le GDR 2322 « Anthropologie des représentations du corps » et La Société d'Ethnologie Française, Marseille, Janvier

Regards sur les femmes culturistes

Etudes sociologiques et anthropologiques sur les femmes culturistes : revue des articles et ouvrages, analyse des travaux descriptifs et des positionnements idéologiques sur ce champ d'investigation. L'univers du muscle en tant que sous-culture; le problème du statut des pratiquantes : comparaison entre l'homme culturiste et la femme culturiste; le statut des femmes musclées dans un contexte culturel pré-défini (normes esthétiques)

The path chosen by female bodybuilders: a tentative interpretation

International audienc