Chromogranin A: From Laboratory to Clinical Aspects of Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors

Background. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are characterized by having behavior and prognosis that depend upon tumor histology, primary site, staging, and proliferative index. The symptoms associated with carcinoid syndrome and vasoactive intestinal peptide tumors are treated with octreotide acetate. The PROMID trial assesses the effect of octreotide LAR on the tumor growth in patients with well-differentiated metastatic midgut NETs. The CLARINET trial evaluates the effects of lanreotide in patients with nonfunctional, well-, or moderately differentiated metastatic enteropancreatic NETs. Everolimus has been approved for the treatment of advanced pancreatic NETs (pNETs) based on positive PFS effects, obtained in the treated group. Sunitinib is approved for the treatment of patients with progressive gastrointestinal stromal tumor or intolerance to imatinib, because a randomized study demonstrated that it improves PFS and overall survival in patients with advanced well-differentiated pNETs. In a phase II trial, pasireotide shows efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of patients with advanced NETs, whose symptoms of carcinoid syndrome were resistant to octreotide LAR. An open-label, phase II trial assesses the clinical activity of long-acting repeatable pasireotide in treatment-naive patients with metastatic grade 1 or 2 NETs. Even if the growth of the neoplasm was significantly inhibited, it is still unclear whether its antiproliferative action is greater than that of octreotide and lanreotide. Because new therapeutic options are needed to counter the natural behavior of neuroendocrine tumors, it would also be useful to have a biochemical marker that can be addressed better in the management of these patients. Chromogranin A is currently the most useful biomarker to establish diagnosis and has some utility in predicting disease recurrence, outcome, and efficacy of therapy

Mesothelioma among seamen: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: Navy personnel and seafarers live and work 24 h per day in the shipboard environment and they are exposed to asbestos fibers released into the confined spaces aboard ships. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the mesothelioma risk of seamen working aboard ships, either commercial or naval vessels, as compared to that of the general population. Methods: We carried out a literature search in MEDLINE through PubMed and EMBASE, from inception to 31 December 2021, of all studies on seamen working aboard ships, either commercial or naval vessels, characterized by exposure to asbestos and providing mesothelioma risk estimates. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the studies included. The pooled standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was computed across eligible studies. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO and reporting followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Results: A total of 10 studies published from 1990 to 2020 were considered eligible and included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. All the included studies were of good quality, with a median score of seven out of nine. Overall, there were 235 mesothelioma cases/deaths in the included studies versus 115.6 expected, with a pooled SMR of 2.11 (95% confidence intervals, 1.70-2.62), in the absence of a significant between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 39%, P = 0.11). Conclusion: A more than double excess risk for mesothelioma among seamen working aboard ships emerged from our meta-analysis

Benchmarking dell'offerta di trasporto delle regioni del Mediterraneo occidentale. Il ruolo della Regione Piemotne. Synthèse du Rapport

Quaderni d'Europa ; n.4- Indice #9- Premessa #13- Il Mediterraneo nelle rappresentazioni e nelle politiche #15- Il Mediterraneo occidentale #22- Il benchmarking dei trasporti #41- Il posizionamento e gli scenari del sistema dei trasporti e della logistica retroportuale del Piemonte #104- Riferimenti bibliografici #133- Les images de la Méditerranée #15- Le rôle des territoires portuaires et d'arrière-port #26- La méthodologie #40- L'offre de transport et de la logistique d'arrière-port #46- L'accessibilité #59- L'impact social et environnemental #61- L'activation économique #65- Le positionnement du Piémont #74- Offre de transport et logistique d'arrière-port #76- Accessibilité intra- et inter-régionale #79- Développement durable social et impact environnemental #81- Activation et caractérisation économique #83- Bibliographie #13

Benchmarking dell'offerta di trasporto delle regioni dello spazio alpino. Il ruolo della Regione Piemonte

Quaderni d'Europa ; n.1- Premessa #3- Indice #5- Introduzione #7- La percezione dello Spazio alpino #9- Dentro lo Spazio alpino #13- Il benchmarking dei trasporti #25- Il posizionamento e gli scenari del sistema dei trasporti del Piemonte #67- Allegati: dati ed elaborazioni #81- Riferimenti bibliografici #9

Classificazione della marginalità dei piccoli comuni del Piemonte 2009

Contributi di ricerca ; n.235/2009- Indice #6- Introduzione #8- I piccoli comuni del Piemonte #10- Marginalità socioeconomica #18- I risultati dell'analisi #30- Allegati #4

Classificazione della marginalità dei piccoli comuni del Piemonte 2008

Strumentires ; 12- Indice #3- Introduzione #9- I piccoli comuni del Piemonte #11- La marginalità socioeconomica #16- I risultati dell'analisi #32- Appendici #4

Da margine a centro. Verso un modello di governance per Corona Verde

Da margine a centro. Verso un modello di governance per Corona Verde- Indice #6- Parte 1. Obiettivi e presupposti teorici #12- Parte 2. Le analisi e il confronto con gli stakeholders #26- Parte 3. Dalle analisi ai modelli di governance #50- Parte 4. Le proposte operative #5