Scattering theory of nonlinear thermoelectric transport

We investigate nonlinear transport properties of quantum conductors in response to both electrical and thermal driving forces. Within scattering approach, we determine the nonequilibrium screening potential of a generic mesoscopic system and find that its response is dictated by particle and entropic injectivities which describe the charge and entropy transfer during transport. We illustrate our model analyzing the voltage and thermal rectification of a resonant tunneling barrier. Importantly, we discuss interaction induced contributions to the thermopower in the presence of large temperature differences.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; slightly shortened version to fulfill the journal's requirement

Fermion Mass Matrices in term of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix and Mass Eigenvalues

A parameter free, model independent analysis of quark mass matrices is carried out. We find a representation in terms of a diagonal mass matrix for the down (up) quarks and a suitable matrix for the up (down) quarks, such that the mass parameters only depend on the six quark masses and the three angles and phase appearing in the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix. The results found may also be applied to the Dirac mass matrices of the leptons.Comment: 7 pages LaTeX, no figures. Title changed, Particle Data Group parametrization of CKM matrix used in equation (8), numerical values in table 1 evaluated using the quark mass values at the Z^o mass scale, equation (21) eliminated and 2 references change

Russian manufacturing and the threat of ‘Dutch disease’: a comparison of competitiveness developments in Russian and Ukrainian industry

This paper examines the development of Russian industry in comparison with that of Ukrainian industry during 1995–2004 in an effort to ascertain to what extent, if any, Russian manufacturing showed signs of succumbing to ‘Dutch disease’. Ukraine and Russia began the market transition with broadly similar institutions, industrial structures and levels of technology, and the economic reforms implemented in the two countries were also similar, although Ukraine was reckoned to lag behind Russia in many areas. The main difference between them is Russia’s far greater resource wealth. It follows that differences in industrial development since 1991 may to some degree be attributable to differences in initial natural resource endowments. In short, Ukraine could provide a rough approximation of how a resource-poor Russia might have developed over the transition

Vacuum field energy and spontaneous emission in anomalously dispersive cavities

Anomalously dispersive cavities, particularly white light cavities, may have larger bandwidth to finesse ratios than their normally dispersive counterparts. Partly for this reason, their use has been proposed for use in LIGO-like gravity wave detectors and in ring-laser gyroscopes. In this paper we analyze the quantum noise associated with anomalously dispersive cavity modes. The vacuum field energy associated with a particular cavity mode is proportional to the cavity-averaged group velocity of that mode. For anomalously dispersive cavities with group index values between 1 and 0, this means that the total vacuum field energy associated with a particular cavity mode must exceed $\hbar \omega/2$. For white light cavities in particular, the group index approaches zero and the vacuum field energy of a particular spatial mode may be significantly enhanced. We predict enhanced spontaneous emission rates into anomalously dispersive cavity modes and broadened laser linewidths when the linewidth of intracavity emitters is broader than the cavity linewidth.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure