Sur l’identification de l’oppidum liberum Abziritanum et de l’ecclesia Auziritana à Ouzra, dans la région d’Oudhna-Mornag (Tunisie)

Many ancient literary sources, both classic and late antique, inform us about an oppidum liberum Abziritanum, the toponym Abdera and the ecclesia Auzritana. Our approach to this topic of study began by establishing a connection with the site of Ouzra, located a few kilometers north-east of Oudhna (ancient Uthina). Later, an investigation in the archives of the Carte Archéologique de Tunisie allowed us to find and exploit an archaeological documentation including a Latin inscription with the sentence Abzira libera and thus confirming its location in Hr Ouzra. The study of the whole epigraphic and literary documentation let us trace some moments of the history of Abzira during a period that goes from the I to the VII century AD.Plusieurs mentions littéraires anciennes, classiques et tardives, nous font connaitre un oppidum liberum Abziritanum, le toponyme Abdera et l’ecclesia Auzritana. Notre démarche dans la présente étude a commencé par un rapprochement avec le site d’Ouzra, situé à quelques kilomètres au nord-est d’Oudhna (l’antique Uthina). Ensuite, une enquête dans les archives de la Carte Archéologique de Tunisie nous a permis de retrouver et d’exploiter une documentation archéologique dont une inscription latine donnant la leçon Abzira libera et confirmant sa localisation à Hr Ouzra. L’étude de l’ensemble de la documentation épigraphique et littéraire nous a conduits à retracer quelques moments de l’histoire d’Abzira sur une période allant du Ier siècle au VIIe siècle

Étude lésionnelle et bactériologique des infections du sac vitellin (omphalites) chez les poussins chair, Nord-Est de la Tunisie

The present study was carried out for three objectives: firstly, to investigate the prevalence of the yolk sac infections in broilers in the northeast of Tunisia. The second goal was to know the main germs responsible for this problem. Finally, we aimed to study the sensitivity of isolated bacteria to the main antibiotics used in the field. A total of 170 chicks (3 to 8 days) were necropsied. Suspected yolk sacs were collected using sterile swabs and sent to the laboratory for bacteriological analysis and antibiogram. Overall prevalence of 55.3% (94 chicks) was assessed. Statistically significant difference was noted among the different age groups, with highly prevalence observed in 5 days old animals (76%). Bacteriological analysis revealed that 71.3% (67 chicks) showed single bacterial infection. E. coli was the most important isolated bacteria (74.5%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (31.9%), Salmonella spp. (10.6%), Proteus spp. (9.6%) and Staphylococcus aureus (2.1%). A high correlation was noted between the chick mortality and infection by E. coli, Klebsiella and Proteus. Tested bacteria isolates (109 isolates) to twelve antibiotic agents showed high sensitivity to streptomycin, colistin, amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic-acid. A higher resistance was noted to enrofloxacin. Multidrug resistant isolates were detected in 38 (34.9%) bacteria isolates. Keywords: Yolk sac infection, Bacteriology, Multidrug resistance, Broiler, TunisiaLa présente étude a un triple objectif: d’abord pour estimer la prévalence de l’infection du sac vitellin chez le poulet de chair dans les élevages du Nord-Est de la Tunisie. Le second objectif est d’identifier les principales bactéries responsables de ce problème. Enfin, nous visons l’étude de la sensibilité des souches isolées vis-à-vis des principales molécules d’antibiotiques utilisées sur le terrain.  Un total de 170 poussins (3-8 jours d’âge) est autopsié. Les sacs vitellins suspects sont prélevés moyennant des écouvillons stériles envoyés au laboratoire en vue des analyses bactériologiques et des antibiogrammes. La prévalence globale des omphalites est de 55,3% (94 poussins). Une différence statistiquement significative est notée selon les tranches d’âge, avec une plus grande prévalence observée chez les oiseaux âgés de 5 jours (76%). Les analyses bactériologiques ont révélé que 71,3% (67 poussins) des animaux montraient une infection bactérienne unique. E. coli est la bactérie la plus isolées (74,5%), suivie de Klebsiella spp. (31,9%), Salmonella spp. (10,6%), Proteus spp. (9,6%) et Staphylococcus aureus (2,1%). Une corrélation élevée est notée entre la mortalité des poussins et l’infection par E. coli, Klebsiella et Proteus. Les isolats testés (109 isolats) vis-à-vis de 12 antibiotiques montrent une sensibilité importante à la streptomycine, la colistine, l’amoxicilline et l’amoxicilline-acide clavulanique. Une résistance élevée est notée vis-à-vis de l’enrofloxacine. Une multi-résistance est détectée chez 38 souches (34,9%) isolées. Mots clefs: Infection du sac vitellin, Bactériologie, Multi-résistance aux antibiotiques, poulet de chair, Tunisi

Effect of Short and Long Term Irrigation with Treated Wastewater on Chemical Composition and Herbicidal Activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. Essential Oils

[EN] Water shortage throughout the world, especially in arid regions in the later decades has led to search for alternatives to save potable fresh water. Treated wastewater (TWW) appears to be an opportunity for irrigation. However, it could represent a stress factor for plants, and influence their metabolism, changing their secondary metabolites and, consequently, their biological properties. Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oil (EO) had been reported to possess phytotoxic activity. The main objective of this work was to compare the chemical composition and herbicidal activity of E. camaldulensis EO obtained from leaves of young plants and old trees irrigated with well water (WW) and TWW. Germination tests were performed in vitro against Amaranthus hybridus, Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli and Lolium perenne. The EOs composition was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A high percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes, with 1,8-cineole as main compound, was found in the EOs from leaves of young plants irrigated with both types of water. The EO from leaves of old trees irrigated with WW contained a main fraction of monoterpene hydrocarbons (45.17%) with p-cymene as principal compound. The highest herbicidal potential was shown by the EO from young plants irrigated with TWW. It completely inhibited A. hybridus and L. perenne germination, and nearly blocked the others at all concentrations assayed. It also showed strong phytotoxic activity on seedling length. The results suggest the possible use of TWW to irrigate Eucalyptus crops as it enhances the EOs herbicidal potential that could be used as natural herbicides.This work was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Tunisia.Maaloul, A.; Verdeguer Sancho, MM.; Oddo, M.; Saadaoui, E.; Jebri, M.; Michalet, S.; Dijoux-Franca, M.... (2019). Effect of Short and Long Term Irrigation with Treated Wastewater on Chemical Composition and Herbicidal Activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. Essential Oils. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 47(4):1374-1381. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha47411374S1374138147

Rôle de la GTPase Cdc42 dans la formation des proplaquettes in vitro et in vivo

PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

A review combining emerging techniques with classical ones for the determination of biscuit quality: advantages and drawbacks

International audienc

Use of front face fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis for monitoring biscuits' quality during aging

In this study, the potentiality of front face fluorescence spectroscopy (FFFS) for the evaluation of the quality of biscuits manufactured with butylated hydroxytoluene and pomegranate peel extract during aging was investigated. By using the principal component analysis, vitamin A and tryptophan spectra allowed a clear discrimination between biscuit samples according to the nature of antioxidants, while fluorescent Maillard reaction products spectra showed clear differentiation between samples according to the storage time. Clear differentiation between biscuits according to the used antioxidants and storage time was achieved by using common components and specific weights analysis. Using partial least-squares regression, excellent prediction of water activity (R2 = 0.95), and L* values (R2 = 0.92), and approximate prediction of hardness (R2 = 0.78), b* values (R2 = 0.74), and moisture content (R2 = 0.74) were shown. However, the FFFS failed to predict a* values, primary and secondary oxidation products (R2 < 0.6)

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Mentha (longifolia L. and viridis) Essential Oils.

The study was aimed to investigate essential oil chemical composition (gas chromatography/flame ionization detection [GC-FID] and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [GC-MS]) and antioxidant (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis--ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate [ABTS] assays) and antimicrobial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and yeast) activities of essential oils extracted from leaves of Mentha longifolia L. and Mentha viridis. GC-MS analysis revealed that M. longifolia was constituted by pulegone (54.41%) as a major component followed by isomenthone (12.02%), 1,8-cineole (7.41%), borneol (6.85%),and piperitenone oxide (3.19%). M. viridis was rich in carvone (50.47%), 1,8-cineole (9.14%), and limonene (4.87%).The antioxidant activity by ABTS assay showed IC50 values of 476.3 ± 11.7 and 195.1 ± 4.2 mg/L for M. longifolia and M. viridis, respectively, the DPPH assays have resulted in a moderate IC50 (>8000 mg/L and 3476.3 ± 133 mg/L for M. longifolia and M. viridis, respectively). Antimicrobial activity showed that Listeria monocytogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria were more inhibited by the 2 essential oils tested. Escherichia coli was least susceptible. A strong activity was also observed on fungi and yeasts. Carvone, thymol, and piperitone oxide have not been detected in Tunisian M. longifolia. Camphor is reported for the 1st time for M. viridis. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities were correlated to chemical composition

Seasonal patterns of viral, microbial and planktonic communities in Sidi Salem: a freshwater reservoir (North of Tunisia)

International audienceWe investigated the distribution and dynamics of viruses, prokaryotes and small eukaryotic phytoplankton in Sidi Salem freshwater reservoir (Northern Tunisia). Samples were collected from the deepest station at different depths throughout the water column for 2 years (February 2009 to January 2011). The reservoir was characterized by seasonal alternations of thermal stratification and homothermy. Among the different microbial communities counted using flow cytometry (FCM), picocyanobacteria constituted an important autotrophic component since they were always present and their highest concentration reached 3.02 and 2.65 x 10(5) cells.mL(-1) in March 2009 and June 2010, respectively. The heterotrophic prokaryotic communities (represented mainly by bacteria) were characterized by a clear separation between two subgroups referred to as high-DNA and low-DNA content populations, and the highest concentrations of heterotrophic bacteria (i.e., 3.8 x 10(7) cells.mL(-1)) were recorded in spring 2009. Several viral groups referred to as virus-like particles (VLP) groups 1, 2 and 3 could also be discriminated using FCM. VLP1 and VLP2 displayed a significant correlation with the heterotrophic bacteria (r = 0.80 and 0.78, P < 0.001) but seem to be independent from picocyanobacteria and/or chlorophyll a, suggesting these VLPs were mainly bacteriophages. At last, the virus to prokaryotic ratio could be high, especially in summer (mean = 22, max = 487), suggesting a strong coupling between bacteria and viruses, at least at certain periods of the year

Antimicrobial Fatty Acids from Green Alga Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta)

This study deals with the antimicrobial potential assessment of Ulva rigida, in regard to collection period and sampling site. Besides, we assess the chemical composition of bioactive compounds. For this purpose, Ulva rigida was seasonally collected from two northern sites in Tunisia, Cap Zebib rocky shore (CZ) and Ghar El Melh lagoon (GEM). Crude organic extracts were prepared using dichloromethane and dichloromethane/methanol and tested against 19 indicator microorganisms using the disk diffusion method and microdilution technique to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Silica gel column and thin layer chromatography were used for purification of active compounds. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography were used for compounds identification. Samples of Ulva rigida collected from the two sites have uniform antimicrobial activity throughout the year. Algae collected from the lagoon showed the largest spectrum of activity and were used for subsequent analysis. Bioguided purification of extracts from Ulva rigida, collected at GEM, leads to 16 active fractions with antibacterial effect mainly against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. These fractions were identified as fatty acids, mainly oleic (C18: 1 w9), linoleic (C18: 2 w6), palmitic (C16: 0), and stearic (C14: 0). MICs values ranged from 10 to 250 μg/ml