Vitamin D3 as adjuvant in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: modulation of genomic and biochemical instability

Erratum in - Corrigendum: Vitamin D3 as adjuvant in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: modulation of genomic and biochemical instability. Fagundes GE, Macan TP, Rohr P, Damiani AP, Da Rocha FR, Pereira M, Longaretti LM, Vilela TC, Ceretta LB, Mendes C, Silveira PCL, Teixeira JPF, de Andrade VM. Mutagenesis. 2019 May 29;34(2):215. doi: 10.1093/mutage/gez006.Type 2 diabetes mellitus has undergone a worldwide growth in incidence in the world and has now acquired epidemic status. There is a strong link between type 2 diabetes and vitamin D deficiency. Because vitamin D has beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of vitamin D3 supplementation on the modulation of glycaemic control and other metabolic effects, as well as modulation of genomic instability in patients with type 2 diabetes. We evaluated 75 patients with type 2 diabetes, registered in the Integrated Clinics of the University of Southern Santa Catarina. Participants received 4000 IU of vitamin D3 (25(OH)D) supplementation daily for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of the supplementation, and 4 weeks after the end of supplementation. The glycidic and lipid profiles [total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides], oxidative stress, DNA damage and 25(OH)D levels were evaluated. Vitamin D3 supplementation for 8 weeks showed enough to significantly increase blood levels of 25(OH)D. A significant difference in lipid profile was observed only in non-HDL cholesterol. Significant changes were observed in glucose homeostasis (fasting glucose and serum insulin) and, in addition, a reduction in the parameters of oxidative stress and DNA damage. There was a significant reduction in the values of 25(OH)D 4 weeks after the end of the supplementation, but levels still remained above baseline. Use of vitamin D supplementation can be an ally in the health modulation of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusThis work was supported by grants from Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina (FAPESC) and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde/ Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Success stories and emerging themes in conservation physiology

The potential benefits of physiology for conservation are well established and include greater specificity of management techniques, determination of cause–effect relationships, increased sensitivity of health and disturbance monitoring and greater capacity for predicting future change. While descriptions of the specific avenues in which conservation and physiology can be integrated are readily available and important to the continuing expansion of the discipline of ‘conservation physiology’, to date there has been no assessment of how the field has specifically contributed to conservation success. However, the goal of conservation physiology is to foster conservation solutions and it is therefore important to assess whether physiological approaches contribute to downstream conservation outcomes and management decisions. Here, we present eight areas of conservation concern, ranging from chemical contamination to invasive species to ecotourism, where physiological approaches have led to beneficial changes in human behaviour, management or policy. We also discuss the shared characteristics of these successes, identifying emerging themes in the discipline. Specifically, we conclude that conservation physiology: (i) goes beyond documenting change to provide solutions; (ii) offers a diversity of physiological metrics beyond glucocorticoids (stress hormones); (iii) includes approaches that are transferable among species, locations and times; (iv) simultaneously allows for human use and benefits to wildlife; and (v) is characterized by successes that can be difficult to find in the primary literature. Overall, we submit that the field of conservation physiology has a strong foundation of achievements characterized by a diversity of conservation issues, taxa, physiological traits, ecosystem types and spatial scales. We hope that these concrete successes will encourage the continued evolution and use of physiological tools within conservation-based research and management plans

Órgãos internos e trato gastrintestinal de novilhos de gerações avançadas do cruzamento rotativo entre as raças Charolês e Nelore terminados em confinamento Internal organs and gastrointestinal tract of feedlot finished steers of advanced generations of rotational crossbreeding between Charolais and Nellore

Foram avaliados os efeitos de heterose e de grupo genético nos órgãos internos e no trato gastrintestinal de novilhos puros (Charolês - C e Nelore - N) e cruzados da segunda (G2) (3/4C 1/4N e 3/4N 1/4C), terceira (G3) (5/8C 3/8N e 5/8N 3/8C) e quarta (G4) (11/16C 5/16N e 11/16N 5/16C) gerações de cruzamento terminados em confinamento e abatidos com 23 meses de idade. Os animais cruzados da G2, G3 e G4 foram, respectivamente, 14,95; 17,25 e 18,46% superiores aos puros quanto ao peso de corpo vazio (PCVZ). A heterose para o rendimento de carcaça fria em relação ao PCVZ (RCFCVZ) foi positiva em todas as gerações. Os mestiços apresentaram menor peso relativo (ao PCVZ) de coração, pulmões e rins, de modo que a heterose foi significativa para peso de coração (-18,29%) e rins (-14,29%) na G3 e para pulmões (-13,45%) na G4. Novilhos mestiços apresentaram valores inferiores à média dos puros para todos os componentes do trato gastrintestinal quando o peso destes componentes foi expresso em relação a 100 kg de PCVZ ou de peso vivo ao abate (PVA), com exceção do rúmen na G2. A heterose retida foi positiva e significativa para PCVZ, RCFCVZ e para peso absoluto do fígado. Entretanto, foi negativa para a quantidade de sangue para os pesos de coração, intestino delgado + grosso e trato gastrintestinal quando expressos em relação a 100 kg de PCVZ e de PVA. Entre os animais puros, os novilhos Nelore tiveram maior RCFCVZ (57,09 vs 61,64%). O peso absoluto de rúmen, abomaso, intestino delgado + grosso e o trato gastrintestinal foram maiores nos novilhos Charolês em relação aos Nelore, o que também foi observado quando estes componentes foram expressos em relação ao PCVZ e PVA, com exceção para o intestino grosso + delgado. Estas diferenças explicam, em parte, o maior rendimento de carcaça dos novilhos Nelore.<br>The objective of this trial was to investigate the effect of heterosis and genetic group on the yield and weight of internal organs and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of feedlot purebred (Charolais C and Nellore N) and crossbred steers from second (G2) (¾C ¼N and ¾N ¼C), third (G3) (5/8C 3/8N and 5/8N 3/8C) and fourth (G4) (11/16C 5/16N and 11/16N 5/16C) generations of rotational crossbreeding slaughtered at 23 month of age. Crossbred steers from G2, G3 and G4 had, respectively, 14.95, 17.25 and 18.46% higher empty body weight (EBW) than that from purebred animals. A positive heterosis for cold carcass yield expressed as a proportion of EBW (CCYEBW) was observed in G2, G3, and G4. Weights of heart, lungs, and kidneys adjusted for EBW were lower on crossbred compared to purebred steers; the heterosis was significant for the weights of heart (-18.29%) and kidneys (-14.29%) in G3 and for that of lungs (-13.45%) in G4. Weights of all organs of the GIT either expressed as 100 kg of EBW or as proportion of slaughter body weight (SBW) were lower on crossbred than on purebred steers with the exception of rumen weight in G2. Retained heterosis was positive and significant for EBW, CCYEBW and liver weight. However, it was negative for amount of blood and weights of heart and small plus large intestines when expressed as 100 kg of EBW and SBW. Within purebred animals, N showed greater CCYEBW (61.64%) than C (57.09). Conversely, weights of rumen, abomasum, small plus large intestine, and GIT were all higher on C than N steers; excepting for small plus large intestine, the same was observed when weights of the remaining GIT components were expressed as proportion of EBW and SB. These differences partially explain the increased carcass yield on N steers