COMPARISON OF THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OBTAINED IN THE FERMENTATION OF DWARF CAVENDISH BANANA AND ITS PEEL FOR THE PURPOSES OF BRANDY PRODUCTION

Brandy is one of the most consumed alcoholic beverages in Brazil, being produced with sweet vegetables, cereals, sugar cane and fruits that have fermentable sugars. This drink is confused with cachaça, from which it is distinguished by the alcoholic degree and typically Brazilian productivity. Banana stands out in Brazil and in the world as the second fruit in productivity, behind only orange, being an accessible raw material for the production of brandy. This processing is advantageous due to the rapid ripening of this fruit, which can often make it impossible to sell in natura to the consumer. This study aimed to carry out the fermentation through the inoculation of the yeast Sacchamomyces cerevisae separately for pulp and skins of Dwarf Cavendish banana to verify the alcohol content produced. The banana pulp brandy reached an alcohol content of 39,5° GL, within the stipulated by the current legislation, the peel, however, did not allow adequate alcohol levels (7,5° GL). It is concluded that the pulp of Dwarf Cavendish banana is viable for the production of brandy.A aguardente é uma das bebidas alcoólicas mais consumidas no Brasil, sendo produzida com vegetais doces, cereais, cana-de-açúcar e frutas que possuem açúcares fermentescíveis. Esta bebida é confundida com a cachaça, da qual é diferenciada pelo grau alcoólico e produtividade tipicamente brasileira. A banana possui destaque no Brasil e no mundo como a segunda fruta em produtividade, atrás apenas da laranja, sendo uma matéria-prima acessível para a produção de aguardente em razão do processo de amadurecimento rápido, o que acaba muitas vezes por inviabilizar a venda in natura para o consumidor. Este estudo objetivou realizar a fermentação através da inoculação da levedura Saccharomyces cerevisae separadamente para mostos da polpa e cascas de bananas nanica para verificar o teor alcóolico produzido. A aguardente de polpa de banana atingiu teor alcoólico de 39,5° GL, dentro do estipulado pela legislação vigente, a casca, contudo, não permitiu níveis alcóolicos adequados (7,5° GL). Conclui-se que a polpa da banana nanica é viável para a produção de aguardent

COMPARISON OF THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OBTAINED IN THE FERMENTATION OF DWARF CAVENDISH BANANA AND ITS PEEL FOR THE PURPOSES OF BRANDY PRODUCTION

A aguardente é uma das bebidas alcoólicas mais consumidas no Brasil, sendo produzida com vegetais doces, cereais, cana-de-açúcar e frutas que possuem açúcares fermentescíveis. Esta bebida é confundida com a cachaça, da qual é diferenciada pelo grau alcoólico e produtividade tipicamente brasileira. A banana possui destaque no Brasil e no mundo como a segunda fruta em produtividade, atrás apenas da laranja, sendo uma matéria-prima acessível para a produção de aguardente em razão do processo de amadurecimento rápido, o que acaba muitas vezes por inviabilizar a venda in natura para o consumidor. Este estudo objetivou realizar a fermentação através da inoculação da levedura Saccharomyces cerevisae separadamente para mostos da polpa e cascas de bananas nanica para verificar o teor alcóolico produzido. A aguardente de polpa de banana atingiu teor alcoólico de 39,5° GL, dentro do estipulado pela legislação vigente, a casca, contudo, não permitiu níveis alcóolicos adequados (7,5° GL). Conclui-se que a polpa da banana nanica é viável para a produção de aguardent

Anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies in an adult healthy population: serosurvey and risk factors in Southeast Brazil.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies in an adult healthy population. Methods: The study was performed by interviewing 253 blood donors, from 19 to 65 years of age, in a hematological centre in Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, southeast Brazil. A survey was applied to blood donors in order to evaluate the possible factors associated to the presence of antibodies, including individual (gender and age), socioeconomic (scholarship, familial income and sanitary facilities) and habit information (contact with soil, geophagy, onycophagy and intake of raw/undercooked meat) as well as the presence of dogs or cats in the household. ELISA test was run for detection of the anti-Toxocara spp. IgG antibodies. Bivariate analysis followed by logistic regression was performed to evaluate the potential risk factors associated to seropositivity. Results: The overall prevalence observed in this study was 8.7% (22/253). Contact with soil was the unique risk factor associated with the presence of antibodies (P=0.0178 ; OR=3.52; 95% CI=1.244-9.995) Conclusions. The results of this study reinforce the necessity in promoting preventive public health measures, even for healthy adult individual, particularly those related to the deworming of pets to avoid the soil contamination, and hygiene education of the population

Dípteros muscóides como potenciais vetores de agentes bacterianos em fazendas de exploração leiteira na região Norte do Paraná, Brasil

The aim of this study was to determine the isolation frequency and microbial sensitivity profiles of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. isolated from synanthropic flies captured in entomological traps placed near the milking parlors of 30 dairy farms located in Northern Paraná, Brazil. In total, 192 flies were captured, and the isolation frequencies of muscids (21/30 = 70%) and califorids (27/30 = 90%) were significantly higher than that of sarcophagids (7/30 = 23.3%). Bacteriological tests on the internal contents and external surfaces of the flies showed that E. coli was present only in muscids (14.3%) and caliphorids (33.3%). Salmonella spp. was isolated from 9.5% of the muscids, 7.4% of the caliphorids, and 14.29% of the sarcophagids. Staphylococcus spp. was isolated from 28.5% of the muscids and 29.6% of the caliphorids. E. coli isolation was more frequent in flies captured on farms at which domestic chickens were housed near the milking parlors (p = 0.031) and which did not use sugarcane for animal feed (p = 0.042). Two out of 27 (7.4%) Staphylococcus spp. strains presented a phenotype of coagulase enzyme production. Ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and gentamicin were the most effective antibiotics against E. coli and Salmonella spp. Tetracycline was the least effective antibiotic against the isolates. The Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated did not show the phenotype of oxacillin resistance. We conclude that regional flies are potential mechanical vectors of microbial agents able to cause enteritis in goats, mastitis in cows, and contamination of milk products for human consumption.Moscas sinantrópicas são vetores mecânicos de enfermidades infecciosas para humanos e animais. O presente estudo pretendeu avaliar a presença de Escherichia coli, Salmonella e Staphylococcus spp na população de moscas das famílias Calliphoridae, Muscidae e Sarcophagidae capturadas em 30 fazendas de leite na região Norte do Paraná. As capturas foram realizadas com armadilhas entomológicas contendo iscas a base de fígado bovino, penduradas em árvores próximas as salas de ordenhas das fazendas. Lavados da superfície externa e fluídos extraídos do abdome esmagado das moscas foram semeados em agar sangue ovino a 5%, agar Mac Conkey e agar Baird-Parker e submetidos a enriquecimento seletivo para Salmonella em caldo Rappaport-Vassiliadis e tetrationato Muller-Kauffmann, seguido de plaqueamento em agar Xilose Lisina Desoxicolato (XLD) e agar Salmonella-Shigella. Os microrganismos isolados foram classificados bioquimicamente. Foram capturadas 192 moscas pertencentes às famílias Muscidae, Calliphoridae e Sarcophagidae. Nas fazendas pesquisadas, as capturas de Muscidae (21/30 = 70%) e Calliphoridae (27/30 = 90%) foram mais frequentes do que as capturas de Sarcophagidae (7/30 =23,3%). E. coli foi isolada apenas de muscídeos (14,3%) e califorídeos (33,3%). Salmonella foi isolada de 9,5% dos muscídeos, 7,4% dos califorídeos e de 14,29% dos sarcofagídeos capturados. Staphylococcus spp foi isolado de 28,5% dos muscídeos e 29,6% dos califorídeos. Os isolamentos de E. coli foram mais comuns e moscas capturadas em fazendas que mantinham criações de aves próximas ao local (p = 0,031) de ordenha e que não utilizavam cana-de-açúcar para alimentação dos animais (p=0,042). Conclui-se que as moscas presentes em fazendas de leite da região apresentam grande importância sanitária, visto que os agentes isolados são capazes de causar enterites em bezerros, mastites nas vacas e contaminação de produtos lácteos produzidos no local.

Nutritional supplementation on production of sericos antibodies against the virus rabico in ovine vaccinated against rabies

This study evaluated the effect of probiotics supplementation with or without Zinc (Zn), added to the mineral mixture, in humoral immune response in sheep vaccinated with a single dose of rabies vaccines. Forty-five malecrossbred rams Santa Inês, aged 6 months were randomly divided into 3 groups (15 animals / group): Control group (CG) received 10 grams of mineral / animal / day, the probiotics group (GP) received 10 grams of mineral added 4 grams of probiotics / animal / day and Probiotics and Zinc group (GPZn) received 10 grams of mineral added 4 grams of probiotics and 14.4 mg of zinc sulfate per animal per day added to the probiotics. The individual titles of neutralizing antibodies were determined using the technique of neutralization-based Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT) and Fluorescent Inhibition Microtest (FIMT). There were no statistically significant differences between the mean serum concentrations between groups. It was concluded that the probiotics administration with or without zinc did not improve the immune humoral response of antibody rabies

Anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies in sheep from southeastern Brazil

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of anti-Toxocara antibodies in sheep from Presidente Prudente, southeastern Brazil. Serum samples were obtained from 365 sheep of diverse breeds and different ages. Samples were collected at a slaughterhouse and at farms located in Presidente Prudente. Three groups of animal of different ages were evaluated according to age: Group I: between 1 and 6 months old; Group II: between 7 and 10 months old; and Group III: between 11 and 15 months old. An ELISA test was carried out to detect anti-Toxocara antibodies (IgG) using the excretory-secretory antigens of Toxocara canis (TES) larvae. In total, 183 out of 365 animals (50.1%) were positive for anti-Toxocara antibodies. The frequency of antibody detection was directly proportional to the age of the animals (p<0.0001). indicating a relationship between infection and aging. In Group III, there was a higher prevalence in females (p = 0.0041). The relevance of these animals to the epidemiology of toxocariasis in pets and human should be considered. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved