Demand profile in an Ophthalmologic primary care service

OBJETIVO: Para melhorar os serviços de saúde é importante conhecer o perfil da demanda. Para isso, buscou-se: 1) Identificar os principais motivos de procura por atendimento oftalmológico em Unidade de Atenção Primária; 2) Analisar as frequências dos diagnósticos,bem como os motivos de encaminhamento de pacientes para outros serviços de Oftalmologia. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo de 1.010 pacientes atendidos durante o período de 6 meses. Parâmetros: idade e sexo do paciente, motivo da consulta,diagnóstico (CID-10) e frequência de encaminhamentos. Os dados foram obtidos através da análise dos prontuários e das fichas de atendimento com os registros do CID-10. Alguns pacientes, de ambos os gêneros, apresentavam alterações anatômico-funcionais que foram agrupadas em mais de um grupo de diagnóstico. RESULTADOS: Houve um predomínio do sexo feminino (61,5%) e da faixa etária de 10 a 19 anos de idade (16,7%), seguida do grupo de pacientes entre 40 a 49 anos de idade (16,5%). O principal motivo da consulta foi a baixa de acuidade visual (37,4%), seguida da revisão dos óculos (19,0%). Também foram frequentes a queixa de cefaléia (15,8%), prurido (10,4%), ardência / irritação (7,8%) e olho vermelho (7,2%).Apresentaram exame normal, 8,1% dos pacientes e entre os exames anormais a maior frequência foi de erros refracionais (70,0%). e presbiopia (31,9%). Foram encaminhados 90 (8,9%) pacientes. O principal motivo de encaminhamento foi a necessidade de cirurgia. CONCLUSÃO: O principal motivo da busca de um atendimento neste serviço básico de oftalmologia foi a baixa acuidade visual que na grande maioria das vezes foi ocasionada por erro refracional e/ou presbiopia. Poucos foram os casos não resolvidos no local do atendimento.PURPOSE: To improve health services it is necessary to know the demand profile. This study was carried out with the objectives of: to identify the main reasons to seek an ophthalmologic primary care service; and to analyze the frequency of the principal diagnoses, according to gender and age groups, as well as the causes of referring patients. METHODS: Retrospective and descriptive study of 1,010 assisted patients during a period of 6 months. Parameters: age and sex of the patient, the reason of the visit, diagnosis (ICD-10) and frequency of referral. The data were obtained through the analysis of the medical records and data-recording sheets with the ICD-10 registration. Some patients (male and female) presented with different morphological and structural alterations, and were allocated in more than one diagnostic group. RESULTS: There was a predominance of females (61.5%) in the age group from 10 to 19 years of age (16.7%) followed by the group of patients between 40 and 49 years of age (16.5%). The main reason for the consultation was a low visual acuity (37.4%), followed by the review of glasses (19.0%).There were also frequent complaints of headache (15.8%), pruritus (10.4%), burning / irritation (7.8%) and red eye (7.2%). Among abnormal tests the largest prevalence was of refractive errors (70.0%) and presbyopia (31.9%). Ninety patients (8.9%) were referred, mainly for surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: The main reason of the search of an Ophthalmology basic service was low visual acuity that in great majority of times was caused by refractive errors and / or presbyopia. Few were the cases which were not resolved at the service place

Computational simulation of fuel burnup estimation for research reactors plate type

The aim of this study is to estimate the spatial fuel burnup, through computational simulation, in two research reactors plate type, loaded with dispersion fuel: the benchmark Material Test Research – International Atomic Energy Agency (MTR–IAEA) and a typical multipurpose reactor (MR). The first composed of plates with uranium oxide dispersed in aluminum (UAlx–Al) and a second composed with uranium silicide (U3Si2) dispersed in aluminum. To develop this work we used the deterministic code, WIMSD-5B, which performs the cell calculation solving the neutron transport equation, and the DF3DQ code, written in FORTRAN, which solves the three-dimensional neutron diffusion equation using the finite difference method. The methodology used was adequate to estimate the spatial fuel burnup , as the results was in accordance with chosen benchmark, given satisfactorily to the proposal presented in this work, even showing the possibility to be applied to other research reactors. For future work are suggested simulations with other WIMS libraries, other settings core and fuel types. Comparisons the WIMSD-5B results with programs often employed in fuel burnup calculations and also others commercial programs, are suggested too. Another proposal is to estimate the fuel burnup, taking into account the thermohydraulics parameters and the Xenon production

Ophtalmologic semiology

Following anamnesis, which is the first patient-doctor contact, physical examination must start with the inspection of anterior ocular structures and their annexes, which can provide valuable information for such the ophtalmologist and other specialists; the next steps are to assess ocular movements and to research strabismus also by the corneal light reflex test and the cover test; to assess pupillary function; to measure and record visual acuity; to find out visual field defects; to perform slit-lamp biomicroscopy; to measure and record the intraocular pressure; to perform ophthalmoscopy, and then, according with the symptoms and signs, to choose the other tests and techniques necessary to a diagnosis of the ocular problem or disease.Iniciando pela anamnese oftalmológica e seguindo com o exame externo do globo ocular, com a avaliação da movimentação ocular e da acuidade visual, concluimos com o exame das estruturas oculares internas do olho com auxílio de instrumentos. Trata-se dos primeiros elementos da propedêutica oftalmológica básica, necessária para o médico não oftalmologista