Genomic Mapping of Human Chromosome Paints on the Threatened Masked Titi Monkey <i>(Callicebus personatus)</i>

&lt;i&gt;Callicebus&lt;/i&gt; is a complex genus of neotropical primates thought to include 29 or more species. Currently, the genus is divided into 5 species groups: &lt;i&gt;donacophilus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;cupreus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;moloch&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;torquatus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;personatus&lt;/i&gt;. However, the phylogenetic relationships among the species are still poorly understood. This genus is karyotypically diverse and shows extensive variation in diploid number (2n = 16 to 50). To foster a better understanding of the chromosomal diversities and phylogenetic relationships among the species of &lt;i&gt;Callicebus&lt;/i&gt;, we performed a chromosome-painting analysis on the &lt;i&gt;Callicebus personatus&lt;/i&gt; genome using human probes, and compared the resulting hybridization map to those of previously mapped titi species. We detected 38 hybridization signals per haploid autosomal set of &lt;i&gt;C. personatus&lt;/i&gt;. Few ancestral syntenies were conserved without rearrangement, but 4 human associations (HSA20/13, 3c/8b, 1b/1c and 21/3a/15a/14) were demonstrated to be apomorphic traits for &lt;i&gt;C. persona&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; tus&lt;/i&gt;. G-banding suggested that these associations are shared with &lt;i&gt;C. nigrifrons&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;C. coimbrai&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;personatus&lt;/i&gt; group), while &lt;i&gt;C. personatus&lt;/i&gt; is linked with &lt;i&gt;C. pallescens&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;donacophilus&lt;/i&gt; group) by 2 synapomorphies: HSA10b/11 (submetacentric) and an inversion of HSA1a.</jats:p

Consumo e digestibilidade aparente total dos nutrientes e ganho de peso de bovinos de corte alimentados com silagem de Brachiaria brizantha e concentrado em diferentes proporções Intake and apparent digestibility of the nutrients and weight gain of beef cattle fed diets with different proportions of Brachiaria brizantha silage and concentrate

Avaliaram-se o consumo e as digestibilidades aparentes totais dos nutrientes e o ganho de peso de bovinos de corte recebendo dietas contendo concentrado e silagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu nas seguintes proporções: 20:80, 35:65, 50:50 e 65:35, com base na matéria seca. Foram utilizados vinte e quatro animais castrados Holandês x Zebu, com peso vivo inicial médio de 364 kg, distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos casualizados. Por ocasião da ensilagem, procedeu-se o tratamento do capim com o inoculante enzimo-bacteriano Nutroeste 50 t. Para o cálculo da matéria seca fecal, utilizou-se a fibra em detergente ácido indigestível (FDAI) como indicador. Os animais foram alojados em baias individuais e alimentados ad libitum. O ensaio teve duração de 84 dias, divididos em três períodos de 28 dias após 15 dias de adaptação. Os consumos médios de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE) e carboidratos totais (CHO) e as digestibilidades aparentes totais de MS, MO, CHO e carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF) elevaram linearmente com o aumento dos níveis de concentrado nas dietas. Comportamento semelhante foi observado para o ganho de peso médio diário, estimando-se incrementos de 0,0184 kg/unidade de concentrado adicionado. Contudo, as digestibilidades aparentes de PB, EE e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) não foram influenciadas pelas dietas, registrando-se, respectivamente, valores médios de 77, 88 e 60%. Silagem de Brachiaria brizantha não-emurchecida, constituindo 50% da dieta de bovinos H x Z, promoveu ganhos de peso em torno de 1,0 kg/dia.<br>Intake and total apparent digestibilities of the nutrients and average daily gains (ADG) by beef cattle fed diets based on concentrate and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu silage in the following proportions: 20:80, 35:65, 50:50 and 65:35, in dry matter basis were evaluated. Twenty-four crossbred (Holstein x Zebu) steers, with initial live weight of 364 kg were allotted to a randomized blocks design. At the ensiling process, an enzyme-bacterial inoculant Nutroeste 50 t was applied to the forage. For the determination of fecal dry matter, indigestible acid detergent fiber was used as a marker. The animals were housed in individual pens and fed ad libitum. The experiment lasted 84 days, divided in three periods of 28 days after 15 days of adaptation. The dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and total carbohydrates (CHO) average intakes increased linearly with the increment of the concentrate in the diets. The total apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CHO and non fiber carbohydrates also increased linearly with the increment of the concentrate levels in the diets. Similar behavior was observed for ADG, with increments of 0.0184 kg/unit of concentrate added. However, apparent digestibilities of CP, EE and digestibility of neutral detergent fiber were not affected by the diets, showing values of 77, 88 and 60%, respectively. No wilted Brachiaria brizantha silage in the 50:50 concentrate to forage ratio for beef cattle Holstein x Zebu steers, promoted average weight gain close to 1.0 kg/day