Use Of Different Electrical Stimulations For Treating Pain In Women With Temporomandibular Disorders [utilização De Diferentes Estimulações Elétricas Para O Tratamento Da Dor Em Mulheres Com Disfunção Temporomandibular]

Objective: To analyze pain intensity in individuals with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) who were treated with ten sessions of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) or high voltage electrical stimulation (HVES). Methods: Twenty-four women (22.98±1.86 years old) with a diagnosis of TMD in accordance with the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) were selected. Sixty percent of the participants had a diagnosis of TMD classified as group Ia and 40% as Ia and IIa. They were divided into two groups named TENS group (TG) and high-voltage group (HVG). Each participant received ten applications of either TENS (10Hz, modulated at 50%, 200μs and motor threshold intensity) or HVES (10Hz, twin pulses of 20μs each at intervals of 100μs between the twin pulses, 100volts and positive pole) twice a week for 30 minutes. To measure the pain intensity, a visual analog scale (VAS) was used. Statistical analyses were performed using t test and simple linear regression. Results: Comparison of the pre- and post-TENS conditions showed diminished pain intensity (p<0.05) in most sessions except for sessions 6, 7 and 8. In contrast, HVES reduced the pain intensity in all sessions (p<0.05). Evaluation of the pre-application values showed that both treatments decreased the pain intensity uniformly over the ten sessions (p<0.05). Conclusions: TENS and HVES both promoted reductions in pain intensity in women with TMD. HVES is a therapeutic resource recommended for such patients. © 2009 Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia.126476481Tvrdy, P., Methods of imaging in the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders (2007) Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub, 151 (1), pp. 133-6Magnusson, T., Egermark, I., Carlsson, G.E., A longitudinal epidemiologic study of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders from 15 to 35 years of age (2000) J Orofac Pain, 14 (4), pp. 310-9Oliveira, A.S., Bermudez, C.C., Souza, R.A., Souza, C.M.F., Dias, E.M., Castro, C.E.S., Impacto da dor na vida de portadores de disfunção temporomandibular (2003) J Appl Oral Sci, 11 (2), pp. 138-43Furto, E.S., Cleland, J.A., Whitman, J.M., Olson, K.A., Manual physical therapy interventions and exercise for patients with temporomandibular disorders (2006) Cranio, 24 (4), pp. 283-91Cappelini, V.K., Souza, G.S., Faria, C.R.S., Massage therapy in the management of myogenic TMD: a pilot study (2006) J Apllied Oral Sci, 14 (1), pp. 21-6Kato, M.T., Kogawa, E.M., Santos, C.N., Conti, P.C.R., Tens and low-level laser therapy in the Management of temporomandibular Disorders (2006) J Appl Oral Sci, 14 (2), pp. 130-5Alvarez-Arenal, A., Junquera, L.M., Fernandez, J.P., Gonzalez, I., Olay, S., Effect of occlusal splint and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation on the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in patients with bruxism (2002) J Oral Rehabil, 29 (9), pp. 858-63Rodrigues, D., Siriani, A.O., Bérzin, F., Effect of conventional TENS on pain and eletromyographic activity of masticatory muscles in TMD patients (2004) Braz Oral Res, 18 (4), pp. 290-5Windt, D.A., Heijden, G.J., Berg, S.G., Riet, G., Winter, A.F., Bouter, L.M., Ultrasound therapy for musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review (1999) Pain, 81 (3), pp. 257-71Gonçalves, R.N., Ordenes, I.E.U., Rodrigues-Bigaton, D., Efeito indireto da TENS sobre os músculos cervicais em portadores de DTM (2007) Fisioter Mov, 20 (2), pp. 83-90Linde, C., Isacsson, G., Jonsson, B.G., Outcome of 6-week treatment with transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation compared with splint on symptomatic temporomandibular joint disk displacement without reduction (1995) Acta Odontol Scand, 53 (2), pp. 92-8Stralka, S.W., Jackson, J.A., Lewis, A.R., Treatment of hand and wrist pain: A randomized clinical trial of high voltage pulsed, direct current built into a wrist splint (1998) AAOHN Journal, 46 (5), pp. 233-6Holcomb, W.R., A practical Guide to Electrical Therapy (1997) J Sport Rehabil, 6, pp. 272-82Nelson, R.M., Hayes, K.W., Currier, D.P., (2003) Eletroterapia Clínica, , 3a ed. Barueri: ManoleAlon, G., Os princípios da estimulação elétrica (2003) Eletroterapia Clínica, pp. 55-139. , In. Nelson RM, Hayes KW, Currier DP. 3a ed. Barueri: ManoleIdo, C., Rothenbuhler, R., Janz, L., Eletroestimulação nervosa trancutânea de baixa freqüência nos "tender points" dos pacientes fibromioálgicos juvenis (2003) Rev Fisioter Univ São Paulo, 10 (1), pp. 1-6Larsson, S.E., Bodegard, L., Henriksson, K.G., Oberg, P.A., Chronic trapezius myalgia. Morphology and blood flow studied in 17 patients (1990) Acta Orthop Scand, 61 (5), pp. 394-8Tullberg, M., Alstergren, P.J., Ernberg, M.M., Effects of low-power laser exposure on masseter muscle pain and microcirculation (2003) Pain, 105 (1-2), pp. 89-96Okada, K., Yamaguchi, T., Minowa, K., Inoue, N., The influence of hot pack therapy on the blood flow in masseter muscles (2005) J Oral Rehabil, 32 (7), pp. 480-6Wieselmann-Penkner, K., Janda, M., Lorenzoni, M., Polansky, R., A comparison of the muscular relaxation effects of TENS and EMG-biofeedback in patients with bruxism (2001) J Oral Rehabil, 28 (9), pp. 849-53Cramp, A.F.L., Gilsenan, C., Lowe, A.S., Walsh, D.M., The effect of high- and low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation upon cutaneous blood flow and skin temperature in healthy subjects (2000) Clin Physiol, 20 (2), pp. 150-7Goldman, R., Brewley, B., Zhou, L., Golden, M., Electrotherapy reverses inframalleolar ischemia: A retrospective, observational study (2003) Advances in Skin & Wound care, 16 (2), pp. 79-89Goldman, R., Rosen, M., Brewley, B., Golden, M., Electrotherapy promotes healing and microcirculation of infrapopliteal ischemic wounds: a prospective pilot study (2004) Adv Skin Wound Care, 17 (6), pp. 284-94Robinson, A.J., Snyder, M.L., (2001) Eletrofisiologia Clínica: eletroterapia e teste eletrofisiológico, , 2a ed. Porto Alegre: Artme

Effect Of Cathodal High-voltage Electrical Stimulation On Pain In Women With Tmd [efeito Da Estimulação Elétrica De Alta Voltagem Catódica Sobre A Dor Em Mulheres Com Dtm]

Background: Pain is the main symptom of patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Objective: To evaluate the effect of cathodal high-voltage electrical stimulation (HVES) on pain intensity in women with TMD. Methods: Twenty women with TMD (24.25±8.90 years old) participated in the study. They were divided into experimental group (EG, n=10), which received 10 applications of HVES, and placebo group (PG, n=10), which received sham treatment with disconnected HVES equipment. For the sample selection, we used the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorder (RDC/TMD). Pain level was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) applied prior to and after the tenth application of HVES. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Ten applications of HVES reduced pain intensity in the EG (p=0.01). In the PG, there was no significant difference (p=0.20). After the application of HVES, no difference was found (p=0.65) between the groups. Conclusion: The cathodal HVES was effective in reducing pain in women with TMD. Trial Registration RBR-4bk94x. © Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia.1611015Tvrdy, P., Methods of imaging in the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders (2007) Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub, 151 (1), pp. 133-136Frisardi, G., Chessa, G., Sau, G., Frisardi, F., Trigeminal Electrophysiology: A 2×2 matrix model for differential diagnosis between temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain (2010) BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 11, p. 141Gonçalves, D.A., Dal Fabbro, A.L., Campos, J.A., Bigal, M.E., Speciali, J.G., Symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in the population: An epidemiological study (2010) J Orofac Pain, 24 (3), pp. 270-278Cooper, B.C., Kleinberg, I., Examination of a large patient population for the presence of symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders (2007) Cranio, 25 (2), pp. 114-126Magnusson, T., Egermark, I., Carlsson, G.E., A longitudinal epidemiologic study of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders from 15 to 35 years of age (2000) J Orofac Pain, 14 (4), pp. 310-319Oliveira, A.S., Bermudez, C.C., Souza, R.A., Souza, C.M.F., Dias, E.M., Castro, C.E.S., Impacto da dor na vida de portadores de disfunção temporomandibular (2003) J Appl Oral Sci, 11 (2), pp. 138-143Tullberg, M., Alstergren, P.J., Ernberg, M.M., Effects of low-power laser exposure on masseter muscle pain and microcirculation (2003) Pain, 105 (1-2), pp. 89-96Okada, K., Yamaguchi, T., Minowa, K., Inoue, N., The influence of hot pack therapy on the blood flow in masseter muscles (2005) J Oral Rehabil, 32 (7), pp. 480-486Jung, A., Shin, B.C., Lee, M.S., Sim, H., Ernst, E., Acupuncture for treating temporomandibular joint disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, sham-controlled trials (2011) J Dent, 39 (5), pp. 341-350Furto, E.S., Cleland, J.A., Whitman, J.M., Olson, K.A., Manual physical therapy interventions and exercise for patients with temporomandibular disorders (2006) Cranio, 24 (4), pp. 283-291Biasotto-Gonzalez, D.A., Bérzin, F., Electromyographic study of patients with masticatory muscles disorders, physiotherapeutic treatment (massage) (2004) Braz J Oral Sci, 3 (10), pp. 516-521la Touche, R., Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C., Fernández-Carnero, J., Escalante, K., Angulo-Díaz-Parreño, S., Paris-Alemany, A., The effects of manual therapy and exercise directed at the cervical spine on pain and pressure pain sensitivity in patients with myofascial temporomandibular disorders (2009) J Oral Rehabil, 36 (9), pp. 644-652Hotta, P.T., Hotta, T.H., Bataglion, C., Bataglion, S.A., de Souza Coronatto, E.A., Siéssere, S., Emg analysis after laser acupuncture in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). Implications for practice (2010) Complement Ther Clin Pract, 16 (3), pp. 158-160Rodrigues, D., Oliveira, A.S., Bérzin, F., Effect of conventional TENS on pain and electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles in TMD patients (2004) Braz Oral Res, 18 (4), pp. 290-295Rodrigues-Bigaton, D., Almeida, A.F.N., Berni, K.C.S., Pedroni, C.R., Gonçalves, R.N., Bérzin, F., Utilização de diferentes estimulações elétricas para o tratamento da dor em mulheres com disfunção temporomandibular (2008) Rev Bras Fisioter, 12 (6), pp. 476-481Nelson, R.M., Hayes, K.W., Currier, D.P., (2003) Eletroterapia Clínica. 3a Ed, , Barueri: ManoleDaeschlein, G., Assadian, O., Kloth, L.C., Meinl, C., Ney, F., Kramer, A., Antibacterial activity of positive and negative polarity low-voltage pulsed current (LVPC) on six typical Gram- positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens of chronic wounds (2007) Wound Repair Regen, 15 (3), pp. 399-403Holcomb, W.R., A practical Guide to Electrical Therapy (1997) J Sport Rehabil, 6 (3), pp. 272-282Almeida, A.F.N., Efeito Do Tratamento Com Estimulação Elétrica De Alta Voltagem Sobre a Dor E a Atividade Eletromiográfica Dos Músculos Mastigatórios Em Mulheres Com DTM [dissertação] (2004), Piracicaba: UNIMEPSchwarzenbeck, A., Efeito Da Estimulação Elétrica De Alta Voltagem Sobre Os Sinais E Sintomas Da Disfunção Temporomandibular [dissertação] (2009), Piracicaba: UNIMEPLow, J., Reed, A., (2001) Eletroterapia Explicada. 3a Ed, , São Paulo: ManoleMohr, T., Akers, T.K., Wessman, H.C., Effect of high voltage stimulation on blood flow in the rat hind limb (1987) Phys Ther, 67 (4), pp. 526-533Mendel, F.C., Fish, D.R., New perspectives in edema control via electrical stimulation (1993) J Athl Train, 28 (1), pp. 63-74Davini, R., Nunes, C.V., Guirro, E.C.O., Guirro, R.R.J., Estimulação elétrica de alta voltagem: Uma opção de tratamento (2005) Rev Bras Fisioter, 9 (3), pp. 249-256Cox, P., Kramer, J.F., Hartsell, H., Effect of different TENS stimulus parameters on ulnar motor nerve conduction velocity (1993) Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 72 (5), pp. 294-300Robinson, A.J., Snyder, M.L., (2001) Eletrofisiologia Clínica: Eletroterapia E Teste Eletrofisiológico. 2a Ed, , Porto Alegre: ArtmedTramèr, M.R., Reynolds, D.J., Moore, R.A., McQuay, H.J., When placebo controlled trials are essential and equivalence trials are inadequate (1998) BMJ, 317 (7162), pp. 875-88

Atividade alelop\ue1tica de extratos de diferentes partes de juazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. - Rhamnaceae)

O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial alelopático do extrato de cascas e de folhas juazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro Mart.) sobre as sementes de alface (Lactuca sativa L.). Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, em ambos foi usado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado. No primeiro foram realizadas quatro repetições e cinco tratamentos (EF - extrato de folhas a 100 ºC, EF - extrato de folhas a 25 ºC, EC - extrato de cascas a 100 ºC, EC - extrato de cascas a 25 ºC, e água destilada). No segundo foram realizados cinco tratamentos (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% de concentração do extrato bruto) e quatro repetições com 20 sementes de alface. O extrato bruto foi obtido após a agitação das cascas e das folhas com água em liquidificador utilizando-se 50 g de material para 500 ml de água. Os resultados mostraram efeito do extrato dependendo da concentração. Os extratos brutos e diluídos de Z. joazeiro não afetaram a germinação, mas nas maiores concentrações causaram elevada porcentagem de plântulas anormais e o extrato de folhas e de cascas extraído a 100 ºC reduziram o crescimento da raiz e parte aérea. Extratos aquosos de cascas e de folhas de Z. juazeiro apresentam efeito fitotóxico na germinação de sementes de L. sativa

Efeitos alelopáticos de extratos vegetais na germinação, colonização micorrízica e crescimento inicial de milho, soja e feijão Allelopathic effects of plant aqueous extracts on germination, mycorrhization and Initial growth of corn, soybean and bean

Restos vegetais e liteira podem interferir no desenvolvimento de plantas. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos alelopáticos de extratos aquosos de Pinus sp., milheto (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) e mucuna (Stizolobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy) sobre a germinação, colonização micorrízica e crescimento inicial de milho (Zea mays L.), soja (Glycine max L.) e feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Os extratos foram elaborados utilizando folhas trituradas. O experimento in vitro empregou papel Germitest umedecido com extratos ou água destilada por sete dias. O experimento em casa de vegetação teve esquema fatorial 3 x 3 x 4, com quatro repetições: três espécies vegetais (soja, milho e feijão), três extratos aquosos (Pinus, milheto e mucuna) e quatro doses de extrato (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; e 2,0 kg L-1). O substrato foi Latossolo Vermelho coletado no município de Selvíria-MS, no bioma Cerrado. Após a semeadura, os vasos receberam, a cada cinco dias, por 45 dias, 50 mL dos extratos. Para a soja, extratos de mucuna e milheto diminuíram o comprimento do hipocótilo e da radícula e os de Pinus aumentaram esses comprimentos. Em feijão, o extrato de Pinus diminuiu o comprimento do hipocótilo e da radícula, mas os extratos de mucuna e milheto aumentaram-no. O extrato do milheto reduziu a percentagem e a velocidade de germinação em feijão. Todos os extratos reduziram a colonização micorrízica e o número de esporos de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em soja, milho e feijão.<br>Plant residues and litter may affect the plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of pine (Pinus sp.), millet [Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] and velvet bean (Stizolobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy) on germination, mycorrhizal colonization and initial growth of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Extracts of ground leaves were prepared. For the in vitro seven day- germination test, pH - neutral paper was previously wetted with the aqueous extracts or distilled water. The greenhouse experiment was arranged in a 3 x 3 x 4 factorial design, with four replications: three plant species (soybean, corn and bean), three aqueous extracts (Pinus, millet and velvet bean) and four extract doses (0.0; 0.5; 1.0 and 2.0 kg L-1). A Red Latossol (Oxisol) collected in Selvíria, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the Cerrado biome was used as substrate. After sowing in pots, 50 mL of the aqueous extracts was applied every 5 days, during 45 days. Opposite to pine, extracts of velvet bean and millet reduced the hypocotyl and root length in soybean. In common bean, pine extract reduced hypocotyl and root length, contrasting to velvet bean and millet. Millet extract decreased the germination percentage and germination rate of beans. All plant extracts reduced mycorrhization and the number of spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soybean, maize and common bean