Leaving against medicaladvice in paediatric unit of aminu kano teaching hospital, Kano, Nigeria

Children are vulnerable and cannot make decisions about their health care. There are many cases of parents leaving against medical advice (LAMA) and this can lead to adverse health problems in the children. Objective: The study was aimed at determining the prevalence of, and factors associated with, leaving against medical advice at the Paediatric Unit of the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. Methods: All patients who left against medical advice were included in the study. The study was a prospective one and information sought were age, sex, duration of hospital stay, socio-economic class of parents and reasons for leaving against medical advice over a five-year period (Jan. 2001 to Dec. 2005). Results: Prevalence rate of LAMA was 2.2%, comprising 68 patients of 3,095 discharges, HIV/Pulmonary uberculosis 17(23%) were the commonest causes of admission in the group of patients aged (10months-12years). Seventy-five percent of the patients were discharged within two weeks of admission. Sixty patients (88.2%) belonged to the lower soci-economic class. Conclusion: LAMA has multifactorial aetiololgy. Low social economic class, poor financial support and unpreparedness for hospital admission are risk factors

SPARC 2018 Internationalisation and collaboration : Salford postgraduate annual research conference book of abstracts

Welcome to the Book of Abstracts for the 2018 SPARC conference. This year we not only celebrate the work of our PGRs but also the launch of our Doctoral School, which makes this year’s conference extra special. Once again we have received a tremendous contribution from our postgraduate research community; with over 100 presenters, the conference truly showcases a vibrant PGR community at Salford. These abstracts provide a taster of the research strengths of their works, and provide delegates with a reference point for networking and initiating critical debate. With such wide-ranging topics being showcased, we encourage you to take up this great opportunity to engage with researchers working in different subject areas from your own. To meet global challenges, high impact research inevitably requires interdisciplinary collaboration. This is recognised by all major research funders. Therefore engaging with the work of others and forging collaborations across subject areas is an essential skill for the next generation of researchers

Birth injuries of the brachial plexus in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano Nigeria

Objective: To determine the types of brachial plexus palsy and predisposing factors involved. Setting: Hospital based tertiary health center with good facilities for newborns.Materials and Subjects: All newborns with brachial plexus were included in the study between April 2000 and March 2004.Result: There were 32 patients with brachial palsy during a 4 year period of study. Twenty five (78.1%) of the patients had Erb Duchenne palsy while 3(9.4%) had Klumpke's paralysis. Modes of delivery were by vertex 24(85.7%), Breech extraction 4(14.3%). There were also (4) forceps and (1) vacuum extraction.Conclusion: Environmental factors are important in the aetiology of brachial palsy. The provisions of safe maternity services coupled with greater effectiveness in health education are the most efficient means of reducing the incidence of this paralysis and severe deformities. Keywords: birth, brachial plexus, injuries Tropical Journal of Medical Research Vol. 9(2) 2005: 12-1

Childhood Diabetes Mellitus in Kano, North West, Nigeria

There is paucity of literature on childhood diabetes mellitus from developing countries and especially North west Nigeria and this has made itpertinent for documentation of the features of the disease in a major regional referral centre. The study was designed to describe the clinicalpresentation and outcome of childhood diabetes mellitus. Retrospective review of hospital records of paediatric patients managed for diabetes at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. Nigeria between January 1999 and December 2006. The age, sex, presenting features, complications, laboratory features and outcome of the patients were retrieved from the hospital records. During the years under review eleven out of3,585 admissions were managed for Type 1 diabetes mellitus giving a prevalence rate of 3.1/1000. Male to female ratio was 1:0.6. The mean age at presentation was 10 4.5years most of the patients (72.7%) belonged to the lower socio-economic classes IV and V. Theduration of symptoms ranged from 6 58days with a mean of 24 22.8days. The patients presentedwith urinary tract infections (36.4%), malaria (27.3%) and recurrent boils (18.2%). Three (27.3%) of the patients had polyuria and polydypsia while only one (91%) patient had polyphagiaand weight loss. The mean random blood glucose on admission was 28.5 7.9mmo/L (16.9 39.2mmo/L) Four patient presented with diabetic Keloacidosis. Two patients (18.2%) were discharged against medical advicewhile 1(9.1%) patient died. Childhood Diabetes Mellitus, remainsrelatively uncommon in Nigeria.Keywords: Childhood, Diabetes Mellitus, Northwest Nigeria

Horvitz-Thompson theorem as a tool for generalization of probability sampling techniques

No Abstract. Ghana Journal of Development Studies Vol. 5 (1) 2008: pp. 80-9

Cerebral palsy in Kano, Nigerian - A review

No Abstract

Aktuelle Probleme der öffentlichen Gesundheitssicherung in Nigeria: Prävention und Surveillance als Schlüssel der Cholerabekämpfung

Cholera is a public health problem around the world, and it is endemic in Africa, parts of Asia, the Middle East as well as South and Central America. This review characterizes an cholera outbreak in Nigeria in 2017/2018. On the basis of own experiences and the analysis of historical outbreaks, the Vibrio cholera strains, mode of transmission, signs and symptoms, and most important the prevention and control measures are identified. Untreated, the lethality of cholera is up to 70%. Therefore, a multifaceted approach including public policy, surveillance, water purification and hygiene, community sensitization, and the use of oral cholera vaccination (OVC) is vital to prevent, control, and reduce the cholera mortality rate. It is recommended that the government pass legislation to implement preventive and surveillance measures, e.g., invest in drinking water systems, sanitation systems and sewage treatment, and promote public education on basic hygiene. The latter includes boiling and treating water before drinking, washing hands frequently with soap and clean water, thoroughly cooking food before consumption, avoiding open defecation, disposing of wastes properly, and immediately taking anyone with signs and symptoms of cholera such as watery diarrhea to the hospital for treatment.Die Cholera ist endemisch in Afrika, Teilen Asiens, dem Mittleren Osten sowie Süd- und Zentralamerika und bedarf weltweit der Berücksichtigung in der öffentlichen Gesundheitssicherung.Im Review wird ein Choleraausbruch in Nigeria im Zeitraum 2017/2018 charakterisiert. Anhand eigener Erfahrungen und der Analyse historischer Ausbrüche werden die Ätiologie, Übertragung und Krankheitssymptome diskutiert und die Präventions- und Kontrollmaßnahmen identifiziert.Unbehandelt beträgt die Letalität der Cholera bis 70%. Ihre Prävention erfordert einen vielschichtigen Ansatz, beginnend mit dem politischem Willen, ihrer Surveillance, Trinkwasserhygiene, Sensibilisierung der Bevölkerung und Einsatz der oralen Cholera-Impfung (OVC). Die Regierung muss die Rechtsgrundlage für die Prävention und Ausbruchkontrolle schaffen und Investitionen in die Trinkwasserversorgung und Abwasserbehandlung tätigen. Wasser soll vor dem Genuss gekocht oder behandelt werden einschließlich ordnungsgemäßer Lagerung. Die Hände sollen häufig mit Seife und sauberem Wasser gewaschen werden. Speisen sollen vor dem Verzehr gut gekocht werden. Offene Defäkation soll vermieden werden. Abfälle sollen ordnungsgemäß entsorgt werden. Jeder mit ersten Anzeichen oder Symptomen (wässriger Durchfall) einer Cholera soll sofort hospitalisiert werden

Children with protein energy malnutrition: management and out-come in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

Background: Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is a common condition in our environment, and still associated with high morbidity and mortality. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcome and management of children with PEM in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, Nigeria. Methods: The records of all malnourished children admitted into the Paediatric unit of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) were retrieved over five year period (January 2002 – December 2006). Demographic data, predisposing factors, clinical types of PEM, outcome of management and time of discharge or death were also extracted from the case notes. Results: There were 169 children with PEM. The male to female ratio was 1:3:1. The prevalence rate was 5.4%. Marasmus was the commonest type of PEM (39.1%). Poverty, poor weaning practices and communicable diseases such as measles (26.6%), HIV (22.6%) and tuberculosis (10.7%) were the common associated factors. Ninety eight (58%) of the patients were discharged after full recovery. The case fatality rate was 29%. Conclusion: The mortality rate of severe PEM is still high. There is the need for close monitoring of all cases throughout admission. It is also advocated that special wards for this group of patients should be carved out in Paediatric units. Sahel Medical Journal Vol. 10 (3) 2007: pp. 84-8

Urinary screening for detection of symptomatic haematuria and proteinuria in children in urban and peri-urban schools in Northwestern Nigeria

No Abstrac

Urinary tract pathogens and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns in childhood urinary tract infection, Kano Nigeria

Background: Adequate treatment and control of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) depends on a good knowledge of the agents causing the infection. The study was designed to assess the aetiology of childhood UTI and the susceptibility of these pathogens to the commonly available antimicrobial agents. Methodology: Children aged 0-10years with symptomatic urinary tract infection seen in both in-patient and out-patients in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano between 1st November 2002 and 31st October 2004. Results: Bacterial organisms were isolated from the urine of 145 children. The predominant isolate in both in-patient and out-patients were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 41.9%, 25.8%, 16.8%, 12.3% and 3.2% respectively. All the isolates were poorly sensitive to the common first line drugs used in childhood UTI in our environment namely cotrimazole and ampicillin but there was good sensitive to nitrofurantoin and ofloxacin.Conclusion: It is recommended that nitrofurantoin be used in the treatment of childhood UTI in Kano while results of culture and sensitivity are awaited. There should also be a continuous monitoring of pattern of organisms isolated in childhood UTI and their antibiotic resistance pattern. Keywords: childhood, UTI, pathogens Annals of Nigerian Medicine Vol. 1(2) 2005: 14-1