2,016 research outputs found
Influence of different beverages on the force degradation of intermaxillary elastics: an in vitro study
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effects of frequently ingested beverages on force degradation of intermaxillary elastics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and eighty 1/4-inch intermaxillary elastics (TP Orthodontics) were immersed into six different beverages: (1) Coca-Cola(®); (2) Beer; (3) Orange juice; (4) Red wine; (5) Coffee and (6) artificial saliva (control). The period of immersion was 15 min for the first and second cycles and 30 min for the third to fifth cycles. Tensile forces were read in a tensile testing machine before and after the five immersion cycles. One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to identify significant differences. RESULTS: Force degradation was seen in all evaluated groups and at all observation periods (p<0.05). A greater degree of degradation was present at the initial periods, decreasing gradually over time. However, no statistically significant differences were seen among groups at the same periods, showing that different groups behaved similarly. CONCLUSION: The chemical nature of the evaluated beverages was not able to influence the degree of force degradation at all observation periods
Colony Defense Behavior of the Primitively Eusocial Wasp, Mischocyttarus cerberus is Related to Age
The colony defense behavior of the wasp Mischocyttarus cerberus Richards (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) was studied to verify whether there were different reactions of wasps of different ages and hierarchical positions during attacks of ants. Detailed nest mapping was first performed, then the wasps were marked and were divided in four distinct categories: queens, older workers, younger workers and males. Tests were made simulating attacks of ants in the nests. The main results showed that the M. cerberus behaviors against ant attacks is more related to the age of the wasps than to their hierarchical position. The oldest wasps (queens and older workers) defend the nest more than the younger workers and males, representing a form of temporal polyethism
O YouTube: potencialidades pedagógicas na aprendizagem da Língua Inglesa no 1.º ciclo do ensino básico
Mestrado em Ensino Precoce do InglêsO presente projeto de investigação procurou apresentar o YouTube como um
banco de recursos audiovisuais, promotor do desenvolvimento das macrocapacidades de
audição e de expressão oral, no processo de ensino/aprendizagem da Língua Inglesa no
1.º ciclo do ensino básico.
Desta forma, procurámos tecer algumas considerações relativamente à origem e
natureza orgânica do YouTube, que nos conduziram à visualização e à exploração de
vídeos publicados no website, que promovessem, simultaneamente, o usufruto de
imagem e som e, por conseguinte, o cumprimento de objetivos pedagógicos inerentes à
aprendizagem significativa da língua estrangeira.
O trabalho de pesquisa centrou-se num estudo de caso, cujo desenvolvimento
providenciou a aplicação de vídeos e a realização de atividades diversas, numa turma de
alunos do 4.º ano de escolaridade, tendo como base princípios decorrentes de métodos e
abordagens utilizados no ensino de Inglês a crianças, auscultando-se o seu grau de
envolvimento e participação no processo de aprendizagem.
Do mesmo modo, e porque consideramos fundamental a troca de ideias e a
partilha de experiências e práticas, especialmente no que se refere ao campo de ação da
Educação, procurou-se estabelecer práticas de trabalho colaborativo e colegialidade
entre as professoras envolvidas no decurso da investigação realizada.This research work aimed at describing the YouTube as a source of audiovisual
materials, favourable to the development of listening and speaking skills concerning the
process of English language teaching and learning in primary schools.
Bearing in mind YouTube’s origins and organic nature, we engaged in selecting
and exploring videos uploaded on the website, which conveyed both image and sound,
in order to attain a set of pedagogical objectives aimed at a meaningful learning of the
foreign language.
The research work redefined itself as a case study, whose development consisted
in using a number of videos and activities with fourth graders, having in mind principles
from preferred methods and approaches in the teaching of English to Young Learners,
as well as the assessment of their degree of involvement and participation in the
learning process.
Furthermore, and because we consider the sharing of ideas, experiences and
practices of major importance, especially as far as Education is concerned, we tried to
develop and enhance collaborative and collegial work between the teachers engaged in
the course of the research work
Revisiting the technical validation of tumour biomarker assays: how to open a Pandora's box
A tumour biomarker is a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated in tumour samples as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. The development of a biomarker contemplates distinct phases, including discovery by hypothesis-generating preclinical or exploratory studies, development and qualification of the assay for the identification of the biomarker in clinical samples, and validation of its clinical significance. Although guidelines for the development and validation of biomarkers are available, their implementation is challenging, owing to the diversity of biomarkers being developed. The term 'validation' undoubtedly has several meanings; however, in the context of biomarker research, a test may be considered valid if it is 'fit for purpose'. In the process of validation of a biomarker assay, a key point is the validation of the methodology. Here we discuss the challenges for the technical validation of immunohistochemical and gene expression assays to detect tumour biomarkers and provide suggestions of pragmatic solutions to address these challenges
Bryozoans are Major Modern Builders of South Atlantic Oddly Shaped Reefs
Supplementary information accompanies this paper at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27961-6.In major modern reef regions, either in the Indo-Pacific or the Caribbean, scleractinian corals are
described as the main reef framework builders, often associated with crustose coralline algae. We
used underwater cores to investigate Late Holocene reef growth and characterise the main framework
builders in the Abrolhos Shelf, the largest and richest modern tropical reef complex in the South
Western Atlantic, a scientifically underexplored reef province. Rather than a typical coralgal reef,
our results show a complex framework building system dominated by bryozoans. Bryozoans were
major components in all cores and age intervals (2,000 yrs BP), accounting for up to 44% of the reef
framework, while crustose coralline algae and coral accounted for less than 28 and 23%, respectively.
Reef accretion rates varied from 2.7 to 0.9 mm yr−1, which are similar to typical coralgal reefs.
Bryozoan functional groups encompassed 20 taxa and Celleporaria atlantica (Busk, 1884) dominated
the framework at all cores. While the prevalent mesotrophic conditions may have driven suspensionfeeders’
dominance over photoautotrophs and mixotrophs, we propose that a combination of historical
factors with the low storm-disturbance regime of the tropical South Atlantic also contributed to the
region’s low diversity, and underlies the unique mushroom shape of the Abrolhos pinnacles.We thank CNPq/FAPES-Sisbiota/PELD, CAPES/IODP, CAPES/Ciências do Mar, and ANP/Brasoil for long
term project funding. We also thank ICMBio for research permits and field logistic support, and Conservation
International for providing and authorizing the use of the IKONOS image. JMW and JCB are International
Visiting Researcher at UFES and JBRJ, supported by the Science Without Borders program. Zá Cajueiro
provided invaluable field support and Ronaldo Francini, Carlos Janovitch and Lucio Engler helped in the drilling
operations. This is a contribution from the Rede Abrolhos (abrolhos.org)
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