Groundnut Entered Post-genome Sequencing Era: Opportunities and Challenges in Translating Genomic Information from Genome to Field

Cultivated groundnut or peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an allopolyploid crop with a large complex genome and genetic barrier for exchanging genetic diversity from its wild relatives due to ploidy differences. Optimum genetic and genomic resources are key for accelerating the process for trait mapping and gene discovery and deploying diagnostic markers in genomics-assisted breeding. The better utilization of different aspects of peanut biology such as genetics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, metabolomics, and interactomics can be of great help to groundnut genetic improvement program across the globe. The availability of high-quality reference genome is core to all the “omics” approaches, and hence optimum genomic resources are a must for fully exploiting the potential of modern science into conventional breeding. In this context, groundnut is passing through a very critical and transformational phase by making available the required genetic and genomic resources such as reference genomes of progenitors, resequencing of diverse lines, transcriptome resources, germplasm diversity panel, and multi-parent genetic populations for conducting high-resolution trait mapping, identification of associated markers, and development of diagnostic markers for selected traits. Lastly, the available resources have been deployed in translating genomic information from genome to field by developing improved groundnut lines with enhanced resistance to root-knot nematode, rust, and late leaf spot and high oleic acid. In addition, the International Peanut Genome Initiative (IPGI) have made available the high-quality reference genome for cultivated tetraploid groundnut which will facilitate better utilization of genetic resources in groundnut improvement. In parallel, the development of high-density genotyping platforms, such as Axiom_Arachis array with 58 K SNPs, and constitution of training population will initiate the deployment of the modern breeding approach, genomic selection, for achieving higher genetic gains in less time with more precision

Measurement and interpretation of same-sign W boson pair production in association with two jets in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents the measurement of fducial and diferential cross sections for both the inclusive and electroweak production of a same-sign W-boson pair in association with two jets (W±W±jj) using 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis is performed by selecting two same-charge leptons, electron or muon, and at least two jets with large invariant mass and a large rapidity diference. The measured fducial cross sections for electroweak and inclusive W±W±jj production are 2.92 ± 0.22 (stat.) ± 0.19 (syst.)fb and 3.38±0.22 (stat.)±0.19 (syst.)fb, respectively, in agreement with Standard Model predictions. The measurements are used to constrain anomalous quartic gauge couplings by extracting 95% confdence level intervals on dimension-8 operators. A search for doubly charged Higgs bosons H±± that are produced in vector-boson fusion processes and decay into a same-sign W boson pair is performed. The largest deviation from the Standard Model occurs for an H±± mass near 450 GeV, with a global signifcance of 2.5 standard deviations

Combination of searches for heavy spin-1 resonances using 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A combination of searches for new heavy spin-1 resonances decaying into different pairings of W, Z, or Higgs bosons, as well as directly into leptons or quarks, is presented. The data sample used corresponds to 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at = 13 TeV collected during 2015–2018 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Analyses selecting quark pairs (qq, bb, , and tb) or third-generation leptons (τν and ττ) are included in this kind of combination for the first time. A simplified model predicting a spin-1 heavy vector-boson triplet is used. Cross-section limits are set at the 95% confidence level and are compared with predictions for the benchmark model. These limits are also expressed in terms of constraints on couplings of the heavy vector-boson triplet to quarks, leptons, and the Higgs boson. The complementarity of the various analyses increases the sensitivity to new physics, and the resulting constraints are stronger than those from any individual analysis considered. The data exclude a heavy vector-boson triplet with mass below 5.8 TeV in a weakly coupled scenario, below 4.4 TeV in a strongly coupled scenario, and up to 1.5 TeV in the case of production via vector-boson fusion

Search for dark photons in rare Z boson decays with the ATLAS detector

A search for events with a dark photon produced in association with a dark Higgs boson via rare decays of the standard model Z boson is presented, using 139     fb − 1 of √ s = 13     TeV proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The dark boson decays into a pair of dark photons, and at least two of the three dark photons must each decay into a pair of electrons or muons, resulting in at least two same-flavor opposite-charge lepton pairs in the final state. The data are found to be consistent with the background prediction, and upper limits are set on the dark photon’s coupling to the dark Higgs boson times the kinetic mixing between the standard model photon and the dark photon, α D ϵ 2 , in the dark photon mass range of [5, 40] GeV except for the Υ mass window [8.8, 11.1] GeV. This search explores new parameter space not previously excluded by other experiments

Combined measurement of the Higgs boson mass from the H → γγ and H → ZZ∗ → 4ℓ decay channels with the ATLAS detector using √s = 7, 8, and 13 TeV pp collision data

A measurement of the mass of the Higgs boson combining the H → Z Z ∗ → 4 ℓ and H → γ γ decay channels is presented. The result is based on 140     fb − 1 of proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector during LHC run 2 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV combined with the run 1 ATLAS mass measurement, performed at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, yielding a Higgs boson mass of 125.11 ± 0.09 ( stat ) ± 0.06 ( syst ) = 125.11 ± 0.11     GeV . This corresponds to a 0.09% precision achieved on this fundamental parameter of the Standard Model of particle physics

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Not AvailableRefractance window (RW) drying is an emerging thin layer drying method in which drying of a food product takes place by heat transfer from hot water to a product through a plastic film. This study was conducted to prepare sapota bar using a batch type RW system. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the process variables viz. water temperature (WT) (84.3, 87, 91, 95, and 97.7 C), initial pulp thickness (PT) (3.3, 4, 5, 6, and 6.7mm) and pectin concentration (PC) (0.3, 1, 2, 3, and 3.7%). Drying time (DT), ascorbic acid content (AA), color, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness of the bar were considered as dependent variables. WT played important role followed by PC and PT. Hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness increased but DT, AA, and L value decreased with increase in WT and PC. Increase in DT and AA and decrease in L value was observed with increase in PT. Optimum conditions of sapota bar preparation were found at 91 C WT, 5mm PT, and 2% PC with a drying time of 146 min. The moisture content, AA, L value, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were 16 ± 1 g H2O/100 g sample, 10.7mg/100 g, 25.7, 26.2 kgf, 0.21, 5.37 kgf, and 3.12 kgf, respectively. The study demonstrated that the RW drying can be effectively applied for preparation of qualitysapota bar in lesser duration than the conventional tray drying method.Refractance window (RW) drying is an emerging thin layer drying method in which drying of a food product takes place by heat transfer from hot water to a product through a plastic film. This study was conducted to prepare sapota bar using a batch type RW system. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the process variables viz. water temperature (WT) (84.3, 87, 91, 95, and 97.7 C), initial pulp thickness (PT) (3.3, 4, 5, 6, and 6.7mm) and pectin concentration (PC) (0.3, 1, 2, 3, and 3.7%). Drying time (DT), ascorbic acid content (AA), color, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness of the bar were considered as dependent variables. WT played important role followed by PC and PT. Hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness increased but DT, AA, and L value decreased with increase in WT and PC. Increase in DT and AA and decrease in L value was observed with increase in PT. Optimum conditions of sapota bar preparation were found at 91 C WT, 5mm PT, and 2% PC with a drying time of 146 min. The moisture content, AA, L value, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were 16 ± 1 g H2O/100 g sample, 10.7mg/100 g, 25.7, 26.2 kgf, 0.21, 5.37 kgf, and 3.12 kgf, respectively. The study demonstrated that the RW drying can be effectively applied for preparation of qualitysapota bar in lesser duration than the conventional tray drying method.Not Availabl

Emerging role of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Rajeev Nema,1 Supriya Vishwakarma,1 Rahul Agarwal,2 Rajendra Kumar Panday,3 Ashok Kumar11Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, 2Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, 3Navodaya Cancer Hospital, Indrapuri, Bhopal, IndiaAbstract: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most frequent cancer type, with an annual incidence of approximately half a million people worldwide. It has a high recurrence rate and an extremely low survival rate. This is due to limited availability of effective therapies to reduce the rate of recurrence, resulting in high morbidity and mortality of patients with advanced stages of the disease. HNSCC often develops resistance to chemotherapy and targeted drug therapy. Thus, to overcome the problem of drug resistance, there is a need to explore novel drug targets. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid involved in inflammation, tumor progression, and angiogenesis. S1P is synthesized intracellularly by two sphingosine kinases (SphKs). It can be exported to the extracellular space, where it can activate a family of G-protein-coupled receptors. Alternatively, S1P can act as an intracellular second messenger. SphK1 regulates tumor progression, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance in HNSCC. SphK1 expression is highly elevated in advanced stage HNSCC tumors and correlates with poor survival. In this article, we review current knowledge regarding the role of S1P receptors and enzymes of S1P metabolism in HNSCC carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we summarize the current perspectives on therapeutic approaches for targeting S1P pathway for treating HNSCC.Keywords: head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, HNSCC, oral squamous cell carcinoma, OSCC, sphingosine-1-phosphate, S1P, sphingosine kinase 1, SphK1, S1P receptor, sphingolipi