High Resolution Methylome Map of Rat Indicates Role of Intragenic DNA Methylation in Identification of Coding Region

DNA methylation is crucial for gene regulation and maintenance of genomic stability. Rat has been a key model system in understanding mammalian systemic physiology, however detailed rat methylome remains uncharacterized till date. Here, we present the first high resolution methylome of rat liver generated using Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and high throughput sequencing (MeDIP-Seq) approach. We observed that within the DNA/RNA repeat elements, simple repeats harbor the highest degree of methylation. Promoter hypomethylation and exon hypermethylation were common features in both RefSeq genes and expressed genes (as evaluated by proteomic approach). We also found that although CpG islands were generally hypomethylated, about 6% of them were methylated and a large proportion (37%) of methylated islands fell within the exons. Notably, we obeserved significant differences in methylation of terminal exons (UTRs); methylation being more pronounced in coding/partially coding exons compared to the non-coding exons. Further, events like alternate exon splicing (cassette exon) and intron retentions were marked by DNA methylation and these regions are retained in the final transcript. Thus, we suggest that DNA methylation could play a crucial role in marking coding regions thereby regulating alternative splicing. Apart from generating the first high resolution methylome map of rat liver tissue, the present study provides several critical insights into methylome organization and extends our understanding of interplay between epigenome, gene expression and genome stability

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Not AvailableThe main aim of the present investigations was to compare the pesticide load in integrated pest management (IPM) with non-IPM crops of rice fields. The harvest samples of Basmati rice grain, soil, and irrigation water, from IPM and non-IPM field trials, at villages in northern India, were analyzed using multipesticide residue method. The field experiments were conducted for three consecutive years (2008–2011) for the successful validation of the modules, synthesized for Basmati rice, at these locations. Residues of tricyclazole, propiconazole, hexconazole, lambda cyhalothrin, pretilachlor chlorpyrifos, DDVP, carbendazim, and imidacloprid were analyzed from two locations, Dudhli village of Dehradun, Uttrakhand and Saboli and Aterna village of Sonepat, Haryana. The pesticide residues were observed below detectable limit (BDL) (<0.001–0.05 μg/g) in all 24 samples of rice grains and soil under IPM and non-IPM trials. Residues were be- propioconazole, chlorpyrifos, hexaconazole, pretilachlor, and λ-cyhalothrin were also found as BDL (<0.001–0.05 μg/g) in 40 samples of Basmati rice grains and soil and 12 water samples (<0.001–0.05 μg/L) (2010–2011)Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAgriculture sector not only contributes to GHGs, but is very sensitive to climate change. Crop yields are influenced by variations in climatic factors such as precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and the frequency and severity of extreme events like droughts, floods, hot wave, cold wave, windstorms and hailstorms. Adverse impact on agriculture will pose serious risks to economy and livelihood security of agrarian class in particular and the country as a whole. Farmers have, so far, been coping with erratic climatic conditions by adjusting their farming practices. Scientific management practices have also been developed to reduce adverse impacts of natural climate variability. The projected climate change and associated variability, however, brings new risks that will require new adaptation and mitigation strategies. Considering the multi-dimensional facets of climate change, the book has been compiled to address various relevant issues to sensitize the stakeholders about different aspects of climate change and their impacts on arid and semi-arid agriculture.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe criteria of higher severity of yellow stem borer S. incertulas were at Raipur (CG) are: maximum temperature (30-34oC), minimum temperature (22 -23oC), morning relative humidity (89- 92%), and total rainfall (up to10 mm) and sunshine hour 8-9 hr/day on weekly basis. The application of model available through http://www.ncipm.org.in/nicra/ WeatherPrediction.aspx for forewarning of yellow stem borer severity and its integration with in agro-advisory for the region would facilitate timely pest management practices.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableLoss in yield and quality of crop produce due to pest infestation could be reduced considerably if the pest occurrence is known in advance and timely remedial measures are taken. Weather plays an important role in pest development. Therefore, weather based models can be an effective scientific tool for forewarning pests in advance. In this study, weather based forewarning models have been developed for yellow stem borer [Scirpophaga incertulas(Wa \ ker)] and leaf folder [Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenee)] of rice for different locations, viz., Aduthurai (Tamil Nadu), Chinsurah (West Bengal), Karjat (Maharashtra), Mandya (Karnataka), Ludhiana (Punjab) and Raipur (Chhattisgarh). The pest data comprised of population of yellow stem borer and leaf folder moths caught in light trap per week for different locations. Weather data relating to maximum and minimum temperature ( °C ), morning and evening relative humidity (%) and rainfall (mm) in respect of the locations were obtained from the meteorological observatories of the locations per se. Data of pest and weather on weekly basis in respect of Kharif and Rabi seasons of 11 years (2000-2010) for all locations, and of 16 years (1995-2010) for Mandya (KA) were used for developing the forewarning models. Weather of six lag weeks from week of forecast were used for development of weather indices. These weather indices were used as independent variables in model building against the pest population as dependent variables. Stepwise regression models for predicting the yellow stem borer population for peak periods of occurrence during Kharif [Aduthurai (TN), Karjat (MH) & Raipur (CG)] and Rabi [Chinsurah (WB) & Mandya (KA)] were developed with R² > 0.9. Prediction of leaf folder for different weeks of Kharif for Aduthurai (TN) (32-35 SMW) and Ludhiana (PB) (32-36 SMW) and of Rabi for Aduthurai (TN) (44-47 SMW) gave R² between 0.6 and 0.8, respectively indicating better leaf folder prediction for Rabi over Kharif season at Aduthurai (TN). Validation of the models for subsequent years (2011) has been done for all cases. These developed models were converted into web-based forewarning system using 3-tier architecture. Net Beans 8.0.1 IDE (Integrated Development Environment), MS SQL Server, Java Server Pages (JSP) technologies have been used for the development of the web enabled forecasting of the two rice pests.Not Availabl

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Book Title: Climate Change and agriculture : Adaptation and Mitigation

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