International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis.

BACKGROUND: Critical examination of the quality and validity of available allergic rhinitis (AR) literature is necessary to improve understanding and to appropriately translate this knowledge to clinical care of the AR patient. To evaluate the existing AR literature, international multidisciplinary experts with an interest in AR have produced the International Consensus statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR:AR). METHODS: Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to AR. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review (EBR), or evidence-based review with recommendations (EBRR) format as dictated by available evidence and purpose within the ICAR:AR document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:AR document was synthesized and reviewed by all authors for consensus. RESULTS: The ICAR:AR document addresses over 100 individual topics related to AR, including diagnosis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, disease burden, risk factors for the development of AR, allergy testing modalities, treatment, and other conditions/comorbidities associated with AR. CONCLUSION: This critical review of the AR literature has identified several strengths; providers can be confident that treatment decisions are supported by rigorous studies. However, there are also substantial gaps in the AR literature. These knowledge gaps should be viewed as opportunities for improvement, as often the things that we teach and the medicine that we practice are not based on the best quality evidence. This document aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the AR literature to identify areas for future AR research and improved understanding

International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis

Background: Critical examination of the quality and validity of available allergic rhinitis (AR) literature is necessary to improve understanding and to appropriately translate this knowledge to clinical care of the AR patient. To evaluate the existing AR literature, international multidisciplinary experts with an interest in AR have produced the International Consensus statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR:AR).Methods: Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to AR. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review (EBR), or evidence-based review with recommendations (EBRR) format as dictated by available evidence and purpose within the ICAR:AR document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:AR document was synthesized and reviewed by all authors for consensus.Results: The ICAR:AR document addresses over 100 individual topics related to AR, including diagnosis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, disease burden, risk factors for the development of AR, allergy testing modalities, treatment, and other conditions/comorbidities associated with AR.Conclusion: This critical review of the AR literature has identified several strengths; providers can be confident that treatment decisions are supported by rigorous studies. However, there are also substantial gaps in the AR literature. These knowledge gaps should be viewed as opportunities for improvement, as often the things that we teach and the medicine that we practice are not based on the best quality evidence. This document aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the AR literature to identify areas for future AR research and improved understanding. </p

A Provenance Analysis from the Lower Jurassic Units of the Neuquén Basin. Volcanic Arc or Intraplate Magmatic Input?

A possible signal of the Jurassic Chon Aike Igneous Province within the early infill of the Neuquén Basin is recognized in our provenance analyses. We use a combination of detrital zircon geochronology and Lu-Hf isotope analysis, along with sandstone petrography descriptions to characterize the sediments source region in the Cuyo Group. The sandstone petrographic analysis confirms important contributions from volcanic sources of different compositions. U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes obtained in the analyzed zircons indicate a more complex configuration given by multiple igneous components. The variations in the provenance patterns allow us to make some observations about the paleogeographic evolution of the basin. At the base of the sequence, the sediments were derived from local sources composed of Permian basement and Upper Triassic volcanic rocks, whereas in the top, the zircons were supplied from Lower Jurassic volcanic rocks and Lower Paleozoic and Precambrian basements suggesting more distal and ancient sources. Low values of εHft (-15.5 to -0.7) analyzed in Permian and Triassic detrital zircons indicated an evolved source with strong crustal contribution. This data is in agreement with the negative values of εHft and εHft calculated in Permian and Triassic igneous rocks from the North Patagonian Massif. The Hft about -4 of the Jurassic detrital zircons indicated a crustal origin for the source rocks and are clearly compatible with the isotopic compositions of the Chon Aike Igneous Province. A volcanic source region compatible with the Andean arc is dismissed because the Jurassic arc has isotope characteristics of a mantle source.Fil: Naipauer, Maximiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Morabito, Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Manassero, Marcelo Jorge. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Valencia, Victor. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Ramos, Victor Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; Argentin

Doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica em escolares obesos Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de alterações hepáticas ao ultra-som e de elevação da alanina aminotransferase (ALT) em crianças com sobrepeso e obesidade, além de relacionar a presença de alterações com peroxidação lipídica, perfil lipídico e resistência insulínica. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, prospectivo e controlado de 67 crianças com sobrepeso/obesidade (38 do sexo feminino e média de idade de 8,6 anos), pareadas por sexo e idade com 65 eutróficas. A avaliação bioquímica consistiu de perfil lipídico (LDL-c, HDL-c e triglicerídeos); ALT; substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS); glicemia e insulina, utilizadas para o cálculo do Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). A esteatose hepática, avaliada por ultra-sonografia por um único examinador, foi classificada em difusa leve, moderada e grave. RESULTADOS: Elevação de ALT (>40U/L) foi encontrada em 3% e alterações ultra-sonográficas do fígado em 57,4% das crianças com sobrepeso e obesidade. O Grupo Sobrepeso/Obesidade apresentou maior percentual de ALT >18U/L (OR 4,2; p=0,0006) e de hipertrigliceridemia (OR 4,2; p<0,001), em relação ao controle. A ALT associou-se com aumento de triglicerídeos séricos (OR 3,2; p=0,010). Não houve associação entre os níveis de TBARS (estresse oxidativo) e do HOMA-IR com a presença de sobrepeso/obesidade, nem com ALT >18U/L. CONCLUSÕES: A freqüência de ALT >40U/L foi baixa e a de esteatose foi alta. As alterações ultra-sonográficas hepáticas não mostraram associação com o estado nutricional nem com os níveis de ALT. Por sua vez, triglicerídeos aumentados associaram-se com níveis mais elevados de ALT.<br>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of altered hepatic ultrasound and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in overweight and obese children, as well as to relate them to lipid peroxidation, lipid profile and insulin resistance. METHODS: A prospective, controlled, cross-sectional study was performed with 67 overweight and obese children (38 female, mean age of 8,6 years) paired by gender and age with 65 eutrophic controls. The following parameters were evaluated: lipid profile (LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides), ALT, lipid peroxidation measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS), serum glucose and insulin resistance (Homeostasis Model Assessment). Hepatic steatosis was evaluated by ultrasound by a single professional and classified as diffuse mild, moderate or severe. RESULTS: Elevated ALT (>40 U/L) was observed in 3% and altered ultrasound in 57.4% of the overweight/obese children. Obese/overweight children showed a higher percentage of ALT >18 U/L (OR 4.2, p=0.0006) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR 4.2, p<0.001). ALT was associated with elevated triglycerides (OR 3,2; p=0,010). There was not association between TBARS (oxidative stress) or HOMA-IR with the presence of overweight/obesity or ALT >18 U/L. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of altered ALT (>40U/L) was low and of altered hepatic ultrasound was high. There was no association between fatty liver at ultrasound with nutritional status or ALT levels. Elevated triglycerides were associated with higher levels of ALT