Características físico-químicas e sensoriais de vinhos espumantes finos tintos a partir de uvas cultivadas na região dos Campos de Cima da Serra, RS.

Vinho espumante natural é o que provém de uma segunda fermentação alcoólica na garrafa (Champenoise/tradicional) ou em grandes recipientes (método Chamat) com uma pressão mínima de 4 (quatro) atmosferas a 20°C e graduação alcoólica de 10 a 13% em volume a 20°C. O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir espumantes finos tintos testando as variáveis: variedade de uva, grau de maturação da uva, duração da maceração na obtenção dos vinhos base e produtos finais, visando obter e selecionar produtos sem defeitos tecnológicos e de alta qualidade intrínseca. As uvas foram colhidas com diferentes períodos de maturação, os quais foram divididos em 1ª época de colheita (1ª EC) e segunda época de colheita (2ª EC) e sofreram maceração por 24 horas (Maceração Muito Curta - MMC) e por 48 horas (Maceração Curta - MC). Os espumantes foram produzidos de acordo com o método tradicional e as análises físico-químicas realizadas nos mostos, vinhos base e espumantes, como também de minerais e compostos voláteis nos espumantes. Todas as análises foram efetuadas nos laboratórios da Embrapa Uva e Vinho (CNPUV) em Bento Gonçalves-RS. Os espumantes foram divididos em monovarietais, bivarietais e trivarietais e avaliados sensorialmente, por uma equipe de degustadores previamente treinados. A segunda época de colheita proporcionou aos espumantes tintos maior extração de polifenóis, principalmente taninos e antocianinas, assim como maior liberação de aromas frutados. Na avaliação sensorial foram percebidas diferenças significativas ao nível de 1% de probabilidade de erro em relação à cor entre as variedades, e devido à menor qualidade do espumante 8, também houve disparidade nas avaliações de qualidade do aroma, defeito, harmonia olfato-gustativa, qualidade geral e ao nível de 5% para a variável qualidade em boca. Nas diferentes macerações, reunindo os resultados das análises físico-químicas e sensoriais, os espumantes que obtiveram melhores avaliações foram: 10 (Teroldego, MC) e 22 (62,5% Teroldego, 18,75% Merlot e 18,75% Pinot, MC). Indicando que a MC (48 horas) e a variedade Teroldego, foram os parâmetros de vinificação que proporcionaram melhores características olfato-gustativas e de coloração aos espumantes estudados. Excetuando-se o espumante 8, todos demonstraram possuir potencial enológico para serem vinificados em tinto e as maturações e macerações testadas produziram o frescor característico dos espumantes e a coloração tinta desejada.Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia). Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Pelotas, 2016. Orientador: Dr. MArcelo Barbosa Malgarim e Coorientador: Dr. Celito Crivelaro Guerra (CNPUV)

The antiquity of hydrocephalus: the first full palaeo-neuropathological description

The Pathology Museum of the University of Florence houses a rich collection of anatomical specimens and over a hundred waxworks portraying pathological conditions occurring in the nineteenth century, when the museum was established. Clinical and autopsy findings of these cases can still be retrieved from the original museum catalogue, offering a rare opportunity for retrospective palaeo-pathological diagnostics. We present a historical case of severe hydrocephalus backed by modern-day anthropological, radiological and molecular analyses conducted on the skeleton of an 18-month-old male infant deceased in 1831. Luigi Calamai (1796-1851), a wax craftsman of La Specola workshop in Florence, was commissioned to create a life-sized wax model of the child's head, neck and upper thorax. This artwork allows us to appreciate the cranial and facial alterations determined by 30 lb of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulated within the cerebral ventricular system. Based on the autopsy report, gross malformations of the neural tube, tumours and haemorrhage could be excluded. A molecular approach proved helpful in confirming sex. We present this case as the so-far most compelling case of hydrocephalus in palaeo-pathological research

Maturação de tubérculos da cultivar de batata BRS Ana.

bitstream/item/82142/1/Boletim-166-1.pd

Characterization of cesium and H-/D- density in the negative ion source SPIDER

The Heating Neutral Beam Injectors (HNBs) for ITER will have to deliver 16.7 MW beams of H/D particles at 1 MeV energy. The beams will be produced from H-/D- ions, generated by a radiofrequency plasma source coupled to an ion acceleration system. A prototype of the ITER HNB ion source is being tested in the SPIDER experiment, part of the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility at Consorzio RFX. Reaching the design targets for beam current density and fraction of coextracted electrons is only possible by evaporating cesium in the source, in particular on the plasma facing grid (PG) of the acceleration system. In this way the work function of the surfaces decreases, significantly increasing the amount of surface reactions that convert neutrals and positive ions into H-/D-. It is then of paramount importance to monitor the density of negative ions and the density of Cs in the proximity of the PG. Monitoring the Cs spatial distribution along the PG is also essential to guarantee the uniformity of the beam current. In SPIDER, this is possible thanks to the Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy (CRDS) and the Laser absorption Spectroscopy diagnostics (LAS), which provide line-integrated measurements of negative ion density and neutral, ground state Cs density, respectively. The paper discusses the CRDS and LAS measurements as a function of input power and of the magnetic and electric field used to reduce the coextraction of electrons. Negative ion density data are in qualitative agreement with the results in Cs-free conditions. In agreement with simulations, Cs density is peaked in the center of the source; a top/bottom non uniformity is however present. Several effects of plasma on Cs deposition are presented.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures. Paper (Preprint) following the poster contribution at the SOFT 2022 conference. The destination journal is Fusion Engineering and Desig

Patterns of genomic instability in gastric cancer: clinical implications and perspectives.

In gastric cancer (GC) the loss of genomic stability represents a key molecular step that occurs early in the carcinogenesis process and creates a permissive environment for the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. It is widely accepted that GC can follow at least two major genomic instability pathways, microsatellite instability (MSI) and chromosome instability (CIN). MSI is responsible for a well-defined subset of GCs. CIN represents a more common pathway comprising heterogeneous subsets of GC. In addition to MSI and CIN, the CpG islands methylator phenotype (CIMP) plays an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. CIMP may lead to the transcriptional silencing of various genes in gastric carcinogenesis. Intriguingly, more recently in addition to CpG island hypermethylation, a global DNA demethylation, that precedes genomic damage, has been observed in GC. Thus, epigenetic alterations may play a relevant role in gastric carcinogenesis as alternative mechanisms. Evidence suggests that although MSI, CIN and CIMP phenotypes can be distinguished from one another, there might be some degree of overlap. This review describes our current knowledge of the instability pathways in gastric carcinogenesis and the potential clinical applications for different forms of genomic instability in GC

Patterns of genomic instability in gastric cancer: clinical implications and perspectives

In gastric cancer (GC) the loss of genomic stability represents a key molecular step that occurs early in the carcinogenesis process and creates a permissive environment for the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. It is widely accepted that GC can follow at least two major genomic instability pathways, microsatellite instability (MSI) and chromosome instability (CIN). MSI is responsible for a well-defined subset of GCs. CIN represents a more common pathway comprising heterogeneous subsets of GC. In addition to MSI and CIN, the CpG islands methylator phenotype (CIMP) plays an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. CIMP may lead to the transcriptional silencing of various genes in gastric carcinogenesis. Intriguingly, more recently in addition to CpG island hypermethylation, a global DNA demethylation, that precedes genomic damage, has been observed in GC. Thus, epigenetic alterations may play a relevant role in gastric carcinogenesis as alternative mechanisms. Evidence suggests that although MSI, CIN and CIMP phenotypes can be distinguished from one another, there might be some degree of overlap. This review describes our current knowledge of the instability pathways in gastric carcinogenesis and the potential clinical applications for different forms of genomic instability in G

Preferências do consumidor de batatas no sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

bitstream/item/31487/1/comunicado-212.pd

Enxertia e enraizamento simultâneos de oliveira sobre ligustro, em câmara com nebulização.

Resumo expandido

BRCA1/BRCA2 rearrangements and CHEK2 common mutations are infrequent in Italian male breast cancer cases.

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare and poorly known disease. Germ-line mutations of BRCA2 and, to lesser extent, BRCA1 genes are the highest risk factors associated with MBC. Interestingly, BRCA2 germ-line rearrangements have been described in high-risk breast/ovarian cancer families which included at least one MBC case. Germ-line mutations of CHEK2 gene have been also implicated in inherited MBC predisposition. The CHEK2 1100delC mutation has been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer in men lacking BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations. Intriguingly, two other CHEK2 mutations (IVS2+1G > A and I157T) and a CHEK2 large genomic deletion (del9-10) have been associated with an elevated risk for prostate cancer. Here, we investigated the contribution of BRCA1, BRCA2 and CHEK2 alterations to MBC predisposition in Italy by analysing a large series of MBC cases, unselected for breast cancer family history and all negative for BRCA1/BRCA2 germ-line mutations. A total of 102 unrelated Italian MBC cases were screened for deletions/duplications of BRCA1, BRCA2 and CHEK2 by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. No BRCA1, BRCA2 and CHEK2 genomic rearrangements, including the CHEK2 del9-10, were found in the series analysed. Furthermore, none of the MBC cases and 263 male population controls, also included in this study, carried the CHEK2 1100delC, IVS2+1G > A and I157T common mutations. Overall, our data suggest that screening of BRCA1/2 rearrangements is not advantageous in MBC cases not belonging to high-risk breast cancer families and that common CHEK2 mutations play an irrelevant role in MBC predisposition in Italy