Impact of Merger and Acquisition on the Growth of Nigerian Banking Industry

The banking industry in Nigeria has long been experiencing one reform or the other since inception. These reforms were so, in order to put the sector, which is believed to be a stimulant of economic growth and development, in the right track financially. One of the reforms that is of much interest is the consolidation through mergers and acquisitions with particular reference to the 2004 – 2005 and 2011 – 2012 wave of mergers and acquisitions in the Nigerian banking industry. Although this reform brought with it some positive changes in the nature of improved economies of scales, financial stability and efficiency, certain adverse effects were observed. The aim of this work is to investigate the impact of merger and acquisition on the growth of Nigerian Economy using descriptive study and qualitative data. The paper found that there is long run impact of merger and acquisition on economic growth in Nigeria. The study also recommends that Policy makers should implement a law or statute that will protect the rights and interest of the employees during and after any event of mergers and acquisitions. Keywords: Merger, acquisition, economic growth, financial system, consolidation

Impact of ethical leadership on employee commitment in Nigeria- a study of Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited Enugu, Nigeria

This study is on the impact of Ethical Leadership on Employee Commitment in Nigeria: A Study of Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited Enugu, Nigeria. The study made use of Social Learning Theory. Social learning theory has been applied to ethical leadership as a means of explaining the primary method by which ethical leaders influence their followers. Primary data were collected through five point likert scale questionnaire administered on staff and customers of the studied company. The findings revealed that there is a strong negative and significant impact of integrity on continuance commitment of Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited Enugu and that there is a strong positive and significant impact of equal treatment on active commitment of Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited Enugu. The implication of this result is that appropriate ethical leadership contributes to performance of the employees, to strive to larger market share and that ethical leadership has increased the level of employee commitment among staff of the company. Based on the findings, the study recommends, among other things, that organizations should adopt ethical leadership that matches every situation and employees should get the best out of employee‘s integrity. This is because, integrity was found to negatively impact on continuance commitment.Keywords: Commitment, Integrity, Ethical, Leadership, Employe

Implication of Marketing of Banking Services on the Profitability of Nigerian Banks: a Case Study of First Bank Plc.

Banking industry renders services to customers ranging from collection of deposits, opening various categories of account, deposit, current and savings account. Out of the volume of money-collected part are given out as loan to investors, individual, corporate bodies and the government. The aim of this study is to investigate the implication of marketing of banking services on the profitability of Nigerian banks. The scope of the study spanned from 2000 to 2012. The study made use of quantitative data and econometric techniques in assessing the level of implication. The result of the analysis shows that marketing of banking services have indeed had significant positive implication on profitability of Nigerian banks looking at the indicators of banks product or services such as savings account, current account, loan and advance, e-banking, payments and cash management, treasury services, etc. the study therefore recommend that bank customers, management and shareholders should adopt electronic banking operation so that it will increase the level of bank profitability; bank management should from time to time train their staff and customers with regards to services banks provide especially in the area of modern banking development and that the regulatory authorities (CBN, NDIC and Federal Ministry of Finance) should monitor the activities of commercial banks in terms of bank charges on services rendered to customers. Keywords: Marketing, Banking Services, Deposit, E-Banking, Profitability

Adaptation of the Wound Healing Questionnaire universal-reporter outcome measure for use in global surgery trials (TALON-1 study): mixed-methods study and Rasch analysis

BackgroundThe Bluebelle Wound Healing Questionnaire (WHQ) is a universal-reporter outcome measure developed in the UK for remote detection of surgical-site infection after abdominal surgery. This study aimed to explore cross-cultural equivalence, acceptability, and content validity of the WHQ for use across low- and middle-income countries, and to make recommendations for its adaptation.MethodsThis was a mixed-methods study within a trial (SWAT) embedded in an international randomized trial, conducted according to best practice guidelines, and co-produced with community and patient partners (TALON-1). Structured interviews and focus groups were used to gather data regarding cross-cultural, cross-contextual equivalence of the individual items and scale, and conduct a translatability assessment. Translation was completed into five languages in accordance with Mapi recommendations. Next, data from a prospective cohort (SWAT) were interpreted using Rasch analysis to explore scaling and measurement properties of the WHQ. Finally, qualitative and quantitative data were triangulated using a modified, exploratory, instrumental design model.ResultsIn the qualitative phase, 10 structured interviews and six focus groups took place with a total of 47 investigators across six countries. Themes related to comprehension, response mapping, retrieval, and judgement were identified with rich cross-cultural insights. In the quantitative phase, an exploratory Rasch model was fitted to data from 537 patients (369 excluding extremes). Owing to the number of extreme (floor) values, the overall level of power was low. The single WHQ scale satisfied tests of unidimensionality, indicating validity of the ordinal total WHQ score. There was significant overall model misfit of five items (5, 9, 14, 15, 16) and local dependency in 11 item pairs. The person separation index was estimated as 0.48 suggesting weak discrimination between classes, whereas Cronbach's α was high at 0.86. Triangulation of qualitative data with the Rasch analysis supported recommendations for cross-cultural adaptation of the WHQ items 1 (redness), 3 (clear fluid), 7 (deep wound opening), 10 (pain), 11 (fever), 15 (antibiotics), 16 (debridement), 18 (drainage), and 19 (reoperation). Changes to three item response categories (1, not at all; 2, a little; 3, a lot) were adopted for symptom items 1 to 10, and two categories (0, no; 1, yes) for item 11 (fever).ConclusionThis study made recommendations for cross-cultural adaptation of the WHQ for use in global surgical research and practice, using co-produced mixed-methods data from three continents. Translations are now available for implementation into remote wound assessment pathways