Doença cerebrovascular em recém-nascidos: relato de três casos com estudo clínico evolutivo e SPECT cerebral

The clinical and neurological findings of three neonates with the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease are reported. The neuropsychological evaluation disclosed impairment of fine motor function, coordination, language, perception and behavioral disturbances. Brain SPECT imaging revealed perfusional deficits in the three cases.Os resultados dos estudos clínico e neurológico de três recém-nascidos com diagnóstico de doença cerebrovascular são apresentados. A avaliação neuropsicológica demonstrou alterações na motricidade fina, coordenação, linguagem, percepção e comportamento. O SPECT cerebral mostrou alterações perfusionais nos três recém nascidos.1005101

Plantio direto, adubação verde e suplementação com esterco de aves na produção orgânica de berinjela.

Sob manejo orgânico, foram avaliados, em Seropédica, RJ, os sistemas de plantio direto da berinjela(Solanum melongena) nas palhadas de Crotalaria juncea (crotalária), Pennisetum glaucum (milheto, cv. BRS 1501)e vegetação espontânea (pousio), em comparação com o plantio convencional (aração e gradagem ou enxada rotativa). Simultaneamente, foram avaliados três tipos de cultivo: berinjela em monocultura, em consórcio com crotalária e em consórcio com caupi (Vigna unguiculata, cv. Mauá). Não houve diferença entre os sistemas de plantio direto e convencional quanto à produção comercial da berinjela. A palhada da crotalária foi mais eficiente que a do milheto e do pousio para cobertura morta do solo e conseqüentemente o controle de plantas espontâneas foi maior. O cultivo simultâneo com as leguminosas não acarretou redução da produtividade da berinjela.Em um segundo estudo, foram comparados plantio direto (palhadas de crotalária e da vegetação espontânea) e plantio convencional, combinados com doses crescentes de cama de aviário (0, 100, 200 e 400 kg ha-1 de N)aplicada em cobertura. Em termos de aporte de biomassa, a crotalária foi novamente superior à vegetação espontânea.A berinjela respondeu à adubação orgânica, com produtividade máxima de 50,6 t ha-1 , correspondendo à maior dose empregada, contra 36,9 t ha-1 referentes ao controle

Sarcopenia diagnosis in patients receiving hemodialysis: Agreement among different consensuses

Background: There are many consensuses to diagnose sarcopenia, and their agreement in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) is not clear. We described the sarcopenia prevalence in patients receiving HD using different consensuses and analyzed their level of agreement. Methods: Sixty-seven patients (43 men, 55 ± 14.6 years) were evaluated for appendicular skeletal muscle mass using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and muscle strength using handgrip strength. Patients were classified according to different sarcopenia consensuses (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People [EWGSOP], Revised EWGSOP [EWGSOP2], Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Project [FNIH], and Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 [AWGS2]). Kappa analysis identified the level of agreement. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 1.5% to 11.9% depending on the sarcopenia consensus. The agreement between the different consensuses ranged from poor to almost perfect. FNIH and EWGSOP showed the lowest agreement (κ = 0.20; 95% CI, −0.14 to 0.54; P < 0.05), whereas EWGSOP2 and AWGS2 had the largest κ = 0.90 (95% CI, 0.71 to 1.00; P < 0.001). When stratified by age (≥60 years), the sarcopenia prevalence was higher in the older group (27% vs 2%; P = 0.004). In addition, male participants seemed to be more prone to sarcopenia compared with female counterparts, but this difference was not statistically confirmed (16% vs 4%; P = 0.242). Conclusion: The sarcopenia consensuses showed from poor to almost perfect agreement, which varied the sarcopenia prevalence rates in patients receiving HD. EWGSOP2 and AWGS2 showed the largest agreement. © 2021 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition

Plasma signatures of Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy patients identified by untargeted lipidomic profiling are not changed after a fat-containing breakfast meal

Background: The incapacity to store lipids in adipose tissue in Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy (CGL) causes hypoleptinemia, increased appetite, ectopic fat deposition and lipotoxicity. CGL patients experience shortened life expectancy. The plasma lipidomic profile has not been characterized fully in CGL, nor has the extent of dietary intake in its modulation. The present work investigated the plasma lipidomic profile of CGL patients in comparison to eutrophic individuals at the fasted state and after a breakfast meal. Method: Blood samples from 11 CGL patients and 10 eutrophic controls were collected after 12 h fasting (T0) and 90 minutes after an ad libitum fat-containing breakfast (T90). The lipidomic profile of extracted plasma lipids was characterized by non-target liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Results: Important differences between groups were observed at T0 and at T90. Several molecular species of fatty acyls, glycerolipids, sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids were altered in CGL. All the detected fatty acyl molecular species, several diacylglycerols and one triacylglycerol species were upregulated in CGL. Among sphingolipids, one sphingomyelin and one glycosphingolipid species showed downregulation in CGL. Alterations in the glycerophospholipids glycerophosphoethanolamines, glycerophosphoserines and cardiolipins were more complex. Interestingly, when comparing T90 versus T0, the lipidomic profile in CGL did not change as intensely as it did for control participants. Conclusions: The present study found profound alterations in the plasma lipidomic profile of complex lipids in CGL patients as compared to control subjects. A fat-containing breakfast meal did not appear to significantly influence the CGL profile observed in the fasted state. Our study may have implications for clinical practice, also aiding to a deeper comprehension of the role of complex lipids in CGL in view of novel therapeutic strategies

Adubação verde como fonte de nitrogênio para a cultura da berinjela em sistema orgânico Green manuring as nitrogen source for eggplant under organic cropping system

O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) por adubos verdes em pré-cultivo e consorciados com berinjela em sistema orgânico, a utilização do N pela berinjela, e o impacto da adubação verde na produtividade de berinjela e no balanço de N do solo. Parcelas com crotalária, milheto e vegetação espontânea foram estabelecidas antes do plantio da berinjela. Após 60 dias, a FBN respondia por 53% do N da crotalária. Como grande porcentagem da vegetação espontânea correspondia a uma leguminosa, um total de 48 kg/ha de N acumulados nessas parcelas originaram-se da FBN. Os pré-cultivos foram roçados para o plantio direto da berinjela, exceto metade das parcelas com vegetação espontânea, que foi incorporada ao solo. Plantou-se a berinjela em consórcio com crotalária e caupi, e de forma "solteira". Aos 52 dias, as leguminosas foram cortadas e deixadas nas entrelinhas de berinjela. A FBN para as leguminosas consorciadas variou com os pré-cultivos, situando-se entre 20% e 90% do N acumulado na planta. Com a técnica de 15N constatou-se que a berinjela se beneficiou do N da adubação verde em pré-cultivo e consórcio. Embora sem efeito sobre a produtividade da berinjela, a FBN nas leguminosas foi suficiente para repor todo o N retirado do sistema através dos frutos.<br>The objective of this work was to quantify biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) for green manures pre-cropped and intercropped with eggplant in an organic cropping system, the use of N from BNF by the eggplant crop, and the impact of green manuring on eggplant yield and soil N balance. Plots with sunnhemp, millet and spontaneous weeds were established before eggplant planting. After 60 days, 53% of sunnhemp N came from BNF. Since a high percentage of the spontaneous weed plots has corresponded to a legume specie, a total of 48 kg N/ha were derived from BNF. Green manure in pre-cropping was cut to planting eggplants under no-till, exception made to half of the plot under spontaneous weeds that was incorporated into the soil. The eggplant was either intercropped with sunnhemp and cowpea or cropped alone. At 52 days, the legumes were cut and left close to the eggplant. The BNF contribution to the legumes depended on the pre-cropped species and varied between 20% and 90%. Using the 15N technique, it was verified that eggplants benefited from the N of the green manure in pre-cropping or intercropping. Although without effect on eggplant yield, the BNF in the legumes was enough to compensate for the exported N in the harvested fruits