Translation and adaptation of functional auditory performance indicators (FAPI)

Work with deaf children has gained new attention since the expectation and goal of therapy has expanded to language development and subsequent language learning. Many clinical tests were developed for evaluation of speech sound perception in young children in response to the need for accurate assessment of hearing skills that developed from the use of individual hearing aids or cochlear implants. These tests also allow the evaluation of the rehabilitation program. However, few of these tests are available in Portuguese. Evaluation with the Functional Auditory Performance Indicators (FAPI) generates a child's functional auditory skills profile, which lists auditory skills in an integrated and hierarchical order. It has seven hierarchical categories, including sound awareness, meaningful sound, auditory feedback, sound source localizing, auditory discrimination, short-term auditory memory, and linguistic auditory processing. FAPI evaluation allows the therapist to map the child's hearing profile performance, determine the target for increasing the hearing abilities, and develop an effective therapeutic plan. OBJECTIVE: Since the FAPI is an American test, the inventory was adapted for application in the Brazilian population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The translation was done following the steps of translation and back translation, and reproducibility was evaluated. Four translated versions (two originals and two back-translated) were compared, and revisions were done to ensure language adaptation and grammatical and idiomatic equivalence. RESULTS: The inventory was duly translated and adapted. CONCLUSION: Further studies about the application of the translated FAPI are necessary to make the test practicable in Brazilian clinical use

Avaliação da eficácia da azitromicina e pirimetamina em camundongos infectados por cepa cistogênica de Toxoplasma gondii Evaluation of the efficacy of azithromycin and pyrimethamine, for treatment of experimental infection of mice with Toxoplasma gondii cystogenic strain

Foi avaliada a eficácia da administração prolongada de azitromicina e pirimetamina em camundongos infectados com cepa cistogênica de Toxoplasma gondii. Os animais foram inoculados intraperitonealmente com um cisto de T. gondii e, após 20 dias, divididos em quatro grupos: GI infectados não tratados, GII infectados e tratados concomitantemente com pirimetamina (12,5mg/kg/dia) e azitromicina (100mg/kg/dia), GIII infectados e tratados com a mesma dose de pirimetamina e GIV infectados e tratados da mesma forma com azitromicina. O tratamento, via oral, estendeu-se por 120 dias; após este período os animais foram sacrificados e foi feita a contagem dos cistos no cérebro. A associação de ambos os medicamentos proporcionou melhores resultados, diminuindo a contagem de cistos no cérebro dos animais tratados de forma concomitante.<br>The efficacy of prolonged administration of azithromycin and pyrimethamine was evaluated in mice experimentally infected with cystogenic strain of Toxoplasma gondii. The animals were intraperitoneally inoculated with one cyst of T. gondii and after 20 days were allocated into four groups: GI, infected without treatment; GII, infected and treated with the association of pyrimethamine (12.5mg/kg/day) and azithromycin (100mg/kg/day); GIII, infected and treated with the same dose of pyrimethamine; and GIV, infected and treated in the same way with azithromycin. The oral treatment lasted 120 days, after this period all the animals were sacrificed and the count of cysts in the brain was done. The association of both drugs provided the best results, by diminishing the cyst count in the brain of the animals treated in this way