62 research outputs found

    La bio-indication de la pollution aquatique par les microalgues (Cas de l'Oued "Bounamoussa" et du Lac des" Oiseaux")

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    Les milieux aquatiques continentaux sont des écosystÚmes complexes, fragiles et régis par des lois physico-chimiques précises. Les microalgues qui les colonisent vivent en équilibre instable et en dépendent totalement. Les genres les plus tolérants s'adaptent à l'entrée d'une substance exogÚne ou à une modification des paramÚtres physico-chimiques. Nous avons utilise des microalgues comme indicatrices biologiques de la pollution aquatique dans deux hydrosystÚmes : L'oued "Bounamoussa" et le Lac des "Oiseaux" (W. El-Tarf). La méthode appliquée est celle de l'indice de pollution organique préconisée par Palmer (1969) qui consiste à traduire le niveau de la contamination dans les échantillons de l'eau. L'observation des caractÚres morphologiques des microalgues récoltées nous a permis de recenser 20 genres. Nous avons enregistre 10 genres dans l'Oued "Bounamoussa": Microcystis, Euglena, Lepocinclis, Gomphonema, Melosira, Navicula, Synedra, Chlorella, Closterium et Scenedesmus. Au niveau du Lac des "Oiseaux", nous avons note l'existence de 17 genres: Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Cylindrospermum, Merismopedia, Microcystis, Phormidium, Synechocystis, Phacus, Cyclotella, Gomphonema, Navicula, Synedra, Ankistrodesmus, Chlorella, Closterium, Pediastrum et Scenedesmus. Les résultats montrent que les densités algales les plus élevées sont enregistrées dans le Lac des "Oiseaux", suivi de l'Oued "Bounamoussa". Selon l'indice de pollution de Palmer (1969), nous avons constate qu'il existe une faible pollution organique (indice = 9) au niveau de l'Oued "Bounamoussa". En revanche, la contamination dans le site du Lac des "Oiseaux" par la matiÚre organique est considérée comme moyenne (indice = 12).Mots cles: Pollution organique -Microalgues - Bioindication - Genres tolérants d'algues - Indice de Palmer (1969). Continental aquatic environments are complex, fragile and governed by specific physico- chemical ecosystems laws. Microalgae that colonize living precariously and totally dependent. The most tolerant genera adapt to the input of an exogenous substance or a change in physico-chemical parameters. We used microalgae as biological indicators of water pollution in two sites: Bounamoussa's River and Lake of the Birds (W.Tarf). The method applied is the index of organic pollution recommended by Palmer (1969), which is to translate the level of contamination in water samples. The observation of morphological characteristics of collected microalgae allowed us to identify 20 genera. We recorded 10 genera in Bounamoussa's River: Microcystis, Euglena, Lepocinclis, Gomphonema, Melosira, Navicula, Synedra, Chlorella, Closterium and Scenedesmus. At the Lake of the Birds, we noted the existence of 17 genera: Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Cylindrospermum, Merismopedia, Microcystis, Phormidium, Synechocystis, Phacus, Cyclotella, Gomphonema, Navicula, Synedra, Ankistrodesmus, Chlorella, Closterium, Pediastrum and Scenedesmus. The results show that the highest algal densities are recorded in the Lake of the Birds, followed by the Bounamoussa's River. According to the pollution index Palmer (1969), we found that there is little organic pollution (index = 9) at Bounamoussa's River. However, the contamination at the site of the Lake of the Birds by organic matter is considered average (index= 12).Keywords: Organic pollution -Microalgae - Bioindication -Pollution tolerant genera of algae -Palmer index (1969)

    Cartographie de l’alĂ©a mouvements de terrain par analyse statistique sous SIG

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    L’alĂ©a « glissement de terrain » est cartographiĂ© Ă  partir de facteurs qualitatifs permanents dĂ©jĂ  observĂ©s. On travaille Ă  l’aide d’un systĂšme d’information gĂ©ographique (SIG) sur une zone d’apprentissage oĂč des glissements ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©s. Les observations Ă©tant trĂšs disparates et volumineuses, l’application de mĂ©thodes statistiques classique d’analyse de donnĂ©es pose des problĂšmes qui sont rĂ©solus grĂące Ă  des recodages et Ă  la pondĂ©ration des observations. Des critĂšres scientifiques (pouvoir explicatif du modĂšle) mais Ă©galement Ă©conomiques (coĂ»t de rĂ©alisation de l’étude) permettent de sĂ©lectionner les facteurs explicatifs Ă  retenir

    A Comparative Study on Physicochemical, Rheological and Surface Tension Properties of Tunisian Jujube (Zizyphus lotus L.) Seed and Vegetable Oils

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    The physicochemical, rheological, surface tension and emulsifying properties of Tunisian jujube (Zizyphus lotus L.) seed oil were investigated and compared with six edible vegetable oils ( olive, corn, soybean, sunflower, groundnut and rapeseed). These results showed that total phospholipids and total tocopherols contents were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in jujube seed oil than those in edible vegetable oils. It was also shown that all oil samples exhibited Newtonian behaviors at shear rate ranged from 10 to 1000 s-1 and the highest viscosity eta was observed in jujube seed oil, followed by olive, rapeseed, groundnut, corn, soybean and sunflower oils. In addition, the interfacial tension value of jujube seed oil was significantly lower (17.56 mN/m) than the corresponding of edible vegetable oils. The emulsions were prepared with different type of oil samples and they were kept for 60 days under 4, 30 and 55 degrees C for stability test. Our results showed that mean droplet size d4,3 of jujube seed oil emulsion was significantly smaller ( P < 0.05) than those of vegetable oils studied. Moreover, jujube seed oil emulsions were stable for 2 months with an average diameter of 213.34 nm. According to the results, jujube seed oil has rheological, interfacial tension, and emulsifying properties that may become interesting for specific applications in several segments of food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and agrichemical industries

    Séroprévalences des infections à hépatite A et E en Tunisie

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    International audienceObjectiveViral hepatitis A (HAV) and E (HEV) infections are still frequent in many regions of the world, particularly in developing countries where sanitary conditions and socioeconomic level are frequently low. In this work, we have studied seroprevalences of these two infections in Tunisian children, teenagers and young adults.Material and methodsThe studied population included 3357 individuals from different regions of Tunisia and distributed in three groups 1 (n = 1145), 2 (n = 707) and 3 (n = 1505) with a mean of age of 6.94, 12.84 and 20.71 years, respectively.ResultsRates of HAV infection prevalence of 84.0, 90.5 and 91.7% were found within groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. These rates are lower than those previously found in the country; thus, primary infection with HAV in Tunisia is progressively shifting to older ages, which is probably due to the improvement of sanitary conditions. Lower anti-HAV prevalences were found in costal regions as compared to the rest of the country. This difference may be due to the higher socioeconomic level of the population living in costal regions. Antibodies against HEV were assessed in individuals of group 3. A seroprevalence of 4.3% was found which indicates that, despite the absence of epidemics, the virus is circulating among the Tunisian population as sporadic cases.ConclusionThe present work contributes to a better knowledge of HAV and HEV infections in Tunisia and highlights the need of the establishment of a national program for virological surveillance of hepatitis cases and of further studies to monitor changes in the epidemiology of these infections.But de l’étudeLes hĂ©patites virales A (VHA) et E (VHE) restent encore frĂ©quentes, en particulier dans les pays en voie de dĂ©veloppement oĂč les conditions d’hygiĂšne et le niveau socioĂ©conomique sont souvent prĂ©caires. Ce travail a visĂ© Ă  Ă©tudier les sĂ©roprĂ©valences de ces deux infections chez l’enfant, l’adolescent et l’adulte jeune.MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodesL’étude a portĂ© sur 3357 individus originaires des diffĂ©rents gouvernorats de Tunisie et rĂ©partis en trois groupes : 1 (n = 1145), 2 (n = 707) et 3 (n = 1505) avec des moyennes d’ñge de 6,94 ; 12,84 et 20,71 ans, respectivement.RĂ©sultatsDes taux de prĂ©valence de l’infection Ă  VHA de 84,0, 90,5 et 91,7 % ont Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©es dans les groupes 1, 2 et 3, respectivement. Ces taux sont infĂ©rieurs Ă  ceux prĂ©cĂ©demment trouvĂ©s en Tunisie indiquant un net recul dans l’ñge de primo-infection, certainement en rapport avec l’amĂ©lioration des conditions d’hygiĂšne. La prĂ©valence de l’infection est moins Ă©levĂ©e dans les rĂ©gions cĂŽtiĂšres qu’à l’intĂ©rieur du pays du fait probablement du niveau socioĂ©conomique moins Ă©levĂ© dans ces rĂ©gions. La prĂ©valence de l’infection Ă  VHE est de 4,3 % dans le groupe 3. Ce rĂ©sultat montre que malgrĂ© l’absence d’épidĂ©mies, le VHE circule dans le pays sous forme de cas sporadiques.ConclusionLe prĂ©sent travail contribue Ă  une meilleure connaissance des infections par les virus des hĂ©patites A et E, peu documentĂ©es en Tunisie et incite Ă  la mise en place d’un systĂšme national de surveillance virologique des cas d’hĂ©patites et Ă  la conduite d’études supplĂ©mentaires pour suivre les changements dans l’épidĂ©miologie de ces infections

    Data civilizer 2.0: A holistic framework for data preparation and analytics

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    Data scientists spend over 80% of their time (1) parameter-tuning machine learning models and (2) iterating between data cleaning and machine learning model execution. While there are existing efforts to support the first requirement, there is currently no integrated workflow system that couples data cleaning and machine learning development. The previous version of Data Civilizer was geared towards data cleaning and discovery using a set of pre-defined tools. In this paper, we introduce Data Civilizer 2.0, an end-to-end workflow system satisfying both requirements. In addition, this system also supports a sophisticated data debugger and a workflow visualization system. In this demo, we will show how we used Data Civilizer 2.0 to help scientists at the Massachusetts General Hospital build their cleaning and machine learning pipeline on their 30TB brain activity dataset
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