CFRAMP's large pelagic fish tagging program

CFRAMP\u27s Large Pelagic Fish Tagging Program was established to examine the distribution and movement patterns of Thunnus atlanticus (blackfin tuna), Acanthocybium solandri (wahoo), Coryphaena hippurus (dolphinfish), and Scomberomorus cavalla (king mackerel), large pelagic fish species of commercial importance to several Caribbean countries. The Program explored several means to facilitate fish tag and release activities, involving collaborative partnerships with national fisheries administrations, the recreational fishing sector, and individual commercial fishers. A Iotal of 1,143 fish were tagged and released in the coastal waters of several islands within the Eastern Caribbean: 787 blackfin tuna, 250 wahoo, 89 dolphinfish, and 17 king mackerel. To date, only 13 recaptures have been reported. Eleven (11) blackfin tuna, released in the coastal waters of St Vincent and the Grenadines were recaptured near to, or at original release sites after times at liberty ranging from 5 d to 1,230 d. Similarly, 2 king mackerel, released off the west coast of Trinidad, were recaptured very near original release sites after 74 and 129 d at liberty

The Modern Book: the Forms, the Essence, the Experience

The digital era has changed the way we humans read a book. No longer are words confined to a bound leaflet of pages sitting on a bookshelf. Now, technology has transformed the mediums upon which books are written. Electronic books are sweeping the book market, digitizing the stories to display them to a larger audience. Audiobooks are whispering tales in our ears, resting our eyes while igniting our imaginations. With stories jumping off the traditional medium of print, we are able to experience the new possibilities of how books are published, each with its own advantages and drawbacks. This essay will explore these differences, as well as describe how each medium affects the readers’ experiences as well as publishing strategies. By considering the differences between eBooks, audiobooks, and printed books, we as readers can make informed decisions to choose the medium that will meet our needs

Notes of a Case of Ununited Fracture of the Left Femur; Operation; Recovery.

n/

Earth\u27s Place in Space

I\u27ve always thought that a story should start at the beginning. Since this book is the story of Earth, we will start at the beginning. According to the astronomers, in the beginning, there was no need for geology because there were no minerals or rocks; there was no Earth; there was no Sun; there were no stars or planets. According to the astronomers, there was a time when even our present universe didn\u27t exist. In the 1920s, the Belgian astronomer Georges Lemaitre hypothesized that everything presently contained within the entire Universe was once compressed into in a sphere he called the primeval atom ; a sphere that was possibly the size of a golfball ! As you might suspect, the conditions of temperature and pressure that would have existed in that golfball-sized sphere were so extreme that matter as we know it could not possibly have existed. Even the atoms of which matter is made could not have existed; even the parts of the atoms would have not survived such conditions. What then, was contained within such a sphere? According to Lemaitre, his primeval atom contained quarks which physicists consider the most basic of all atomic particles that they are the smallest subdivision of matter. Then where did the Universe come from? The astronomers say that about 13.7 billion years ago, Lemaitre\u27s primitive atom exploded and all of the quarks were released into space; an event cal1ed the Big Bang. The term Big Bang, by the way, was coined as a derogatory term by a leading astronomer of the 20th century, Fred Hoy]e, who refused to accept such an origin

Eons, Eras and Periods

A discussion of eons, era, periods and epochs of the geologic time scale

A Geology Field Trip

oduction to Field Trip I had several objectives in mind when I prepared this field trip. I want to develop in you an interest, an understanding, and an appreciation of geology of the region. I want to show you differences between three of the basic physiographic provinces within Appalachia, the Low Plateau, the High Plateau, and the Appalachian Mountain Section of the Valley and Ridge Province. I also want to show you the role that the kinds and structures of the underlying rocks plays in the formation of the topography of a region in order to have you better understand why the appearance of the land changes as you travel about the country. During the trip, you will also see excellent examples of the process of weathering as well as the erosive power of streams. The trip will visit several tourist areas and, in addition to their scenic beauty, you will learn that they represent excellent examples of important geologic features

The Cambrian Period

The Cambrian Period extends from 570 million years ago to 505 million years ago. Notwithstanding the discovery of the Ediacara fauna, the Cambrian Period of the Paleozoic Era has historically been taken as the beginning of historical time based on the first appearance of abundant fossil remains. It is interesting to note, however, that where first described, the lower Cambrian was not very fossiliferous

Earthquakes

For centuries, earth scientists have known where the major earthquakes occurred. They also knew they occurred in the same locales as the most violent volcanoes, a fact that led to centuries of arguments as to which was the cause of the other. Now we know that they are not cause and effect; they are both associated with the convergent plate margins. During the mid-1900s, another major zone of both volcanic and earthquake activity was discovered, namely the divergent margins, the most important site being the oceanic ridges. Since then, we have also come to understand the occurrence of volcanic activity within the plates as being located over hot spots beneath the plates. All of this new knowledge has been the result of the theory of plate tectonic. In our discussions of volcanism, we learned that the observed difference in volcanic activity between convergent and divergent plates is due to the type of magma involved. We must now explain why the earthquakes associated with convergent plate margins are of much higher magnitude than those associated with divergent plate margins. For this we must review our discussion of stress and strain

The Permian Period

The Permian Period was a time of great crisis in Earth\u27s history. The Permian saw the final closure of the Iapetus Ocean that had formed following the breakup of the super­ continent of Rodinia in the late pre-Cambrian; the closure resulting in the formation of another super-continent, Pangea. It was during the Permian that two of Earth\u27s major mountain chains, the Appalachians and the Urals, were created. The period was one of climatic extremes. By the end of the Permian, Earth had not only experienced its most widespread glaciation but also the formation of deserts the likes of which had never been seen before. In addition to all of the physical events that were to occur during the period, the close of the Permian was the time of fue most severe extinction that has ever occurred in all of Earth\u27s history when more than 95% of all marine life was wiped out. The Permian was indeed, a crisis in the history of Earth