Animal Biotechnology

A brief overview of biotechnology with an emphasis on livestock is presented. The authors discuss NDSU’s new undergraduate biotechnology program. A goal of this program was the development of better transfer methods of a biological gene into an already growing (or even adult animal) which would allow for the 'designing' of animals with specific traits which would be best suited to a particular, given situation. Gene mapping, cloning, the development of recombinant hormones and the development of subunit vaccines and diagnostics are other areas cited as needing more research

Microvascularization and angiogenic activity of equine corpora lutea throughout the estrous cycle

Corpus luteum growth and endocrine function are closely dependent on the formation of new capillaries. The objectives of this study were to evaluate (i) tissue growth and microvascular development in the equine cyclic luteal structures; (ii) in vitro angiogenic activity of luteal tissues in response to luteotrophic (LH, PGE2) and luteolytic (PGF2[alpha]) hormones and (iii) to relate data to luteal endocrinological function. Our results show that microvascular density was increased in the early and mid luteal phase, followed by a fall in the late luteal phase and a further decrease in the corpus albicans. Hyperplasia of luteal tissue increased until the mid luteal phase and it was followed by tissue regression. Luteal explants were cultured with no hormone added, or with PGF2[alpha], LH, PGE2, LH + PGE2 or LH + PGF2[alpha]. Media conditioned by equine luteal tissue from different stages of the luteal phase were able to stimulate mitogenesis of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC), suggesting the presence of angiogenic activity. No difference was observed among luteal structures on their mitogenic capacity, for any treatment used. Nevertheless, Late-CL conditioned-media with PGF2[alpha] showed a significant decrease in BAEC proliferation (p < 0.05) and LH + PGF2[alpha] a tendency to reduce mitogenesis. Thus, prostaglandin F2[alpha] may play a role on vascular regression of the CL during the late luteal phase in the mare. These data suggest that luteal angiogenesis and vascular regression in the mare are coordinated with the development of non-vascular tissue and might be regulated by many different factors.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T62-4GV9B4H-2/1/2910d2927d48ce58f5dc2ca572bcd7c