THE ROLE OF NEEDLE IN FORMULATION OF pH SENSITIVE SWELLABLE MICROBEADS PREPARED WITH HYDROPHILIC POLYMERS FOR ATORVASTATIN AND THEIR CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES

Objective: The aim of the study was to develop and characterize mucoadhesive microbeads for oral sustained release of atorvastatin by using hydrophilic polymers and application of different process variables in designing of pH sensitive swellable microbeads.Methods: Microbeads were prepared by ionic gelation method. The compatibility studies of atorvastatin with polymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies. In this work process variable like optimization of curing agents and their quantity, effect of rpm, and their influence in drug entrapment were studied. Prepared beads were characterized for particle size, swelling index, erosion studies and drug release studies.Results: Mixture of alginate and carbopol 934 P at 3.3 % w/v shows sustained release and good mucoadhesive capacity. Furthermore, drug loading and swelling increased with the use of a combination of polymers. On basis of in vitro release studies and swelling studies, it was observed that sodium alginate coated with carbopol 934 P showed sustained release of 84.5 % at end of 10 h in 6.8 phosphate buffer. The optimised batch followed peppas and higuchi release mechanism and releasing the drug by non-fickian transport.Conclusion: The alginate beads with a combination of carbopol 934P showed a sustain release pattern. The release rate and swelling of atorvastatin beads could be adjusted by adding other hydrophilic polymers or by optimising curing agents, curing time and their volume. The zero order of drug release was confirmed for all the batches. The in vitro data was better fit to Higuchi's diffusion model and diffusion rate limited

CMOS Logic Design with FINFETS Using 32nm TECHNOLOGY

In this paper we propose double gate transistor i.e. FINFETS circuits. It is the substitute of bulk CMOS that mean without any compromise in fabrication process except one or two changes. Actually bulk CMOS suffers high power consumption and high leakage currents .so we implement a various novel circuits i.e FINFETS logic design style in 32nm technology and analyzing various parameters like power dissipation, delay, frequency are observed in this paper. In here we notice that less power consumption in FINFETS when compared to ordinary bulk CMOS. We also check the other submicron technology compared to that this submicron technology got less power consumption

Trends of observation on wells, Remedial measures and feasibility studies of Hoskote taluk, Bangalore rural district, Karnataka, India

Hosakote is a Taluk in Bangalore Rural District. It’s headquartered at Hosakote town, 25 km away from Bangalore City.Currently, Hosakote depends on ground water (bore wells) as the main source of water supply. Due to depletion of rainfall year by year,overexploitation a n d less recharges, the yield from the borewells are diminishing considerably. In summer season, the water table goes much below thus creating scarcity of water. Hence, the ground water source is not dependable and there is an inevitable need to develop a project for alternate source of water supply. And as such this p a p e r presents the water problems in the Taluk, the reasons for the problems and remedies to correct the problems. The scope of this paper includes: i. Profiling of Hosakote Taluk and understanding their water requirements and demands. ii. Identifying environmental and social impacts of the suggested remedies and to suggest mitigation measures to overcome these impacts. A preliminary feasibility report entitled, Integrated Water Supply project for Hoskote Town (2012), prepared by Infrastructure Development Department (IDD), Government of Karnataka, presents the water supply system and scenario of the Taluk. The primary objective of the project is to explore feasibility to cater to existing & future water demand of Hosakote City by providing treated water from Doddakere Lake while supplementing the source of incoming water to the lake with water from Bellandur Lake after tertiary treatment. Bellandur Lake receives water primarily from Koramangala- Challaghatta Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) which treats the sewerage to tertiary level. A report entitled Ground Water Information Booklet, Bangalore Rural District; prepared by Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, reports that most of Karnataka State’s ground water is in critical condition. It addresses the need to stop exploration of ground water and presents ways to improve the water resources of the Taluk

DC conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of nonstoichiometric MgCuZn ferrites

Nonstoichiometric series of Mg0.5-xCuxZn0.5Fe1.9O4-δ where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25 has been synthesized by conventional solid state reaction route. The single phase spinel structure of the double sintered ferrites was confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD). The ferrite series was studied in terms of DC electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power in the temperature ranging from room temperature to 300 °C and 400 °C, respectively. It was observed that DC electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient α decreased with the increase in x. DC electrical conductivity was found to decrease by about 4 orders. All the compositions showed a negative Seebeck coefficient exhibiting n-type semiconducting nature. From the above experimental results, activation energy and mobility of all the samples were estimated. Small polaron hopping conduction mechanism was suggested for the series of ferrites. Owing to their low conductivity the nonstoichiometric MgCuZn ferrites are the best materials for transformer core and high definition television deflection yokes. © 2017 Wroclaw University of Science and Technology

Stability and Sensitivity Analysis of Digital Filters under Finite Word Length Effects via Normal Form Transformation

Main objective of this paper is to present the general solution of the first order matrix difference system X (n+1)=AX (n)B+C(n)U(n)D(n), and then study the stability and sensitivity analysis of the digital filters via eigenvalue sensitivity and normal form transformations.Предложено общее решение разностной системы матриц первого порядка X (n+1)=AX (n)B+C(n)U(n)D(n). Исследована стабильность и чувствительность цифровых фильтров посредством анализа чувствительности собственного значения и преобразования нормальной формы.Запропоновано загальний розв’язок різницевої системи матриць першого порядку X (n+1)=AX (n)B+C(n)U(n)D(n). Досліджено стабільність і чутливість цифрових фільтрів за допомогою аналізу чутливості власного значення та перетворення нормальної форми

Cemental tear on the first maxillary premolar in the patient with facial palsy: an uncommon type of root fracture

A 56-year-old female patient came to the department complaining of pain in the upper right back tooth region. The patient reported a history of paralysis in the right half of the body. There is neither swelling nor inflammation in the gingiva. No sinus tract is present in the vestibular area. There were no noticeable caries lesions. Right first maxillary premolar with significant periodontal pocket and grade 2 mobility on palpation. There is tenderness in the percussion. The patient refused treatment alternatives and had the tooth extracted. The middle third of the root contains a completely detached fragment in the middle third. The root fragment was sent for biopsy for histological analysis. Cementum, dentin, and inflammatory cells were found during histological examination and were suggestive of cemental tear

Intracranial-extracranial meningioma mimicking an aggressive skull bone tumor

Intracranial meningiomas with extracranial extension are rare lesions with only few reported cases in literature. In present article we report a case of 62 year male patient presented with progressive swelling over right side frontal region of 2 year duration. In our case the tumor was in close proximity to right fronto-parietal suture and there was a possibility that suture line could have paved the way for its extracranial spread and also there was evidence of transdiploic extension on histopatholgical examination

Recurrent extraventricular anaplastic ependymoma with scalp metastasis

Extraneural metastasis from anaplastic ependymoma is uncommon. In a study from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center where the authors reviewed 81 ependymomas cases (between 1956 and 1989) there were only five (6.2%) cases had extraneural metastases. We present a case of anaplastic ependymoma with scalp metastasis and discuss the possible mechanism of spread. In majority most of the cases of metastatic extracranial ependymoma patients have underlying progressive intracranial disease. Although these patients receive standard treatment for the primary tumor (Gross total resection and radiotherapy) and the management options for recurrences includes re-excision, focal re-irradiation, stereotactic radiosurgery, or craniospinal radiotherapy for metastatic disease the long term outcome is not favorable

Cladophialophora bantiana brain abscess masquerading cerebral tuberculoma in an immunocompetent host

Phaeohyphomycosis is a term that collectively describes fungal infections caused by moulds and yeasts that have brown-pigmented cell walls (due to the presence of melanin). We report a case of 45 year female who had multiple coalescing lesions in the right basal ganglionic and thalamic region. Based on the imaging and investigation findings a diagnosis of cerebral tuberculoma was suspected. Histopathology of the excised specimen showed brown colored fungal hyphae surrounded by neutrophilic infiltrate. A diagnosis of phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladophialophora bantiana was made and accordingly antifungal treatment was started. Brain abscess caused by Cladophialophora bantiana in an immunocompetent host is relatively uncommon and usually associated with overall high mortality. The best outcomes have been reported in patients who receive both surgical excision of the abscess followed by systemic antifungal therapy. In view of its rarity of these lesions pre-operative diagnosis is difficult particularly in an immunocompetent host and absence of other risk factors