Association Between Visual Deficit And Clinical-functional Characteristics Among Community-dwelling Older Adults [associação Entre Déficit Visual E Aspectos Clínico-funcionais Em Idosos Da Comunidade]

Objective: To identify functional factors associated with visual deficits among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Ninety-six older adults were assessed for visual acuity by means of the Snellen Eye Chart and categorized as low vision (visual acuity or = 75 with severe visual impairment: The VIP trial (2005) BMJ, 331 (7520), p. 817La Grow, S.J., Robertson, M.C., Campbell, A.J., Clarke, G.A., Kerse, N.M., Reducing hazard related falls in people 75 years and older with significant visual impairment: How did a successful program work? (2006) Inj Prev, 12 (5), pp. 296-301Brach, J.S., VanSwearingen, J.M., Newman, A.B., Kriska, A.M., Identifying early decline of physical function in community-dwelling older women: Performance-based and self-reported measures (2002) Phys Ther, 82 (4), pp. 320-328Tinetti, M.E., Speechley, M., Ginter, S.F., Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community (1988) N Engl J Med, 319 (26), pp. 1701-1707(2000) CID-10 - Classificação estatística internacional de doenças e problemas relacionados à saúde, , Organização Mundial de Saúde-OMS. 8 a ed. São Paulo: EDUSPsHenson, D.B., (1983) Optometric Instrumentation, , London: ButterworthsWest, S.K., Rubin, G.S., Broman, A.T., Munoz, B., Bandeen-Roche, K., Turano, K., How does visual impairment affect performance on tasks of everyday life? The SEE project (2002) Archives of Ophthalmology, 120 (6), pp. 774-780Evans, J.R., Fletcher, A.E., Worldmald, R.P., Ng, E.S., Stirling, S., Smeeth, L., Prevalence of visual impairment in people aged 75 years and older in Britain: Results from the MRC trial of assessment and management of older people in the community (2002) Br J Ophthalmol, 86 (7), pp. 795-800Ramos, L.R., Perracini, M., Rosa, T.E., Kalache, A., Significance and management of disability among urban elderly residents in Brazil (1993) J Cross Cultural Gerontol, 8 (4), pp. 313-323Yesavage, J.A., Brink, T.L., Rose, T.L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., Development and validation of geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report (1982) J Psychiatr Res, 17 (1), pp. 37-49Almeida, O.P., Almeida, S.A., Short versions of the geriatric depression scale: A study of their validity for the diagnosis of a major depressive episode according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV (1999) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 14 (10), pp. 858-865Paradela, E.P.M., Lourenço, R.A., Veras, R.P., Validação da escala de depressão geriátrica em um ambulatório geral (2005) Rev Saúde Pública, 39 (6), pp. 918-923Podsiadlo, D., Richardson, S., The timed "Up & Go": A test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons (1991) J Am Geriatr Soc, 39 (2), pp. 142-148Congdon, N., Causes and Prevalence of Visual Impairment among Adults in the United States (2004) Archives of Ophthalmology, 122 (4), pp. 477-485. , DOI 10.1001/archopht.122.4.477Hayman, K.J., Kerse, N.M., La Grow, S.J., Wouldes, T., Robertson, M.C., Campbell, A.J., Depression in older people: Visual impairment and subjective ratings of health (2007) Optom Vis Sci, 84 (11), pp. 1024-1030Bohannon, R.W., Reference values for the Timed Up and Go test: A descriptive meta-analysis (2006) J Geriatr Phys Ther, 29 (2), pp. 64-68Perracini, M.R., Ramos, L.R., Fatores associados a quedas em uma coorte de idosos residentes na comunidade (2002) Rev Saúde Pública, 36 (6), pp. 709-716Lebrão, M.L., Laurenti, R., Saúde, bem-estar e envelhecimento: O estudo SABE no município de São Paulo (2005) Rev Bras Epidemiol, 8 (2), pp. 127-141(2008) IBGE e CORDE Abrem Encontro Internacional de Estatísticas Sobre Pessoas com Deficiência, , http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/presidencia/noticias/noticia-impressao.php? id-noticia=438, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE. [atualização em 16 Set 2005] (acesso em 02 Out) Disponível emEklund, K., Sonn, U., Dahlin-Ivanoff, S., Long-term evaluation of a health education programme for elderly persons with visual impairment. A randomized study (2004) Disabil Rehabil, 26 (7), pp. 401-40

Pasteurella multocida type A as the primary agent of pneumonia and septicaemia in pigs

Abstract: In order to understand better the pathological aspects and spread of Pasteurella multocida type A as the primary cause of pneumonia in pigs, was made an experiment with intranasal inoculation of different concentrations of inocula [Group (G1): 108 Colony Forming Units (CFU)/ml; G2: 107 CFU/ml; G3: 106 CFU/ml and G4: 105 CFU/ml], using two pigs per group. The pigs were obtained from a high health status herd. Pigs were monitored clinically for 4 days and subsequently necropsied. All pigs had clinical signs and lesions associated with respiratory disease. Dyspnoea and hyperthermia were the main clinical signs observed. Suppurative cranioventral bronchopneumonia, in some cases associated with necrosuppurative pleuropneumonia, fibrinous pericarditis and pleuritic, were the most frequent types of lesion found. The disease evolved with septicaemia, characterized by septic infarctions in the liver and spleen, with the detection of P. multocida type A. In this study, P. multocida type A strain #11246 was the primary agent of fibrinous pleuritis and suppurative cranioventral bronchopneumonia, pericarditis and septicaemia in the pigs. All concentrations of inoculum used (105-108 CFU/ml) were able to produce clinical and pathological changes of pneumonia, pleuritis, pericarditis and septicemia in challenged animals

Palavras do Magnífico Reitor, Prof. Doutor Fernando dos Santos Neves

Palavras do Magnífico Reitor, Prof. Doutor Fernando dos Santos Neve

Spectral and symbolic analysis of the effect of gender and postural change on cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy elderly subjects

The objective of this study was to use linear and non-linear methods to investigate cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy elderly men and women in response to a postural change from the supine to the standing position. Fourteen men (66.1 ± 3.5 years) and 10 women (65.3 ± 3.3 years) were evaluated. Beat-to-beat heart rate was recorded in the supine and standing positions. Heart rate variability was studied by spectral analysis, including both low (LFnu-cardiac sympathetic modulation (CSM) indicator) and high (HFnu-cardiac vagal modulation (CVM) indicator) frequencies in normalized units as well as the low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio. Symbolic analysis was performed using the following indexes: 0V% (CSM indicator), 1V% (CSM and CVM indicators), 2LV% (predominantly CVM indicator) and 2ULV% (CVM indicator). Shannon entropy was also calculated. Men presented higher LFnu and LF/HF ratio and lower HFnu and 1V% symbolic index (57.56, 4.14, 40.53, 45.96, respectively) than women (24.60, 0.45, 72.47, 52.69, respectively) in the supine position. Shannon entropy was higher among men (3.53) than among women (3.33) in the standing position, and also increased according to postural change in men (3.25; 3.53). During postural change, the LFnu (24.60; 49.85) and LF/HF ratio (0.45; 1.72) increased, with a concomitant decrease in HFnu (72.47; 47.56) and 2LV% (14.10; 6.95) in women. Women presented increased CSM in response to postural change and had higher CVM and lower CSM than men in the supine position. In conclusion, women in the age range studied presented a more appropriate response to a postural change than men, suggesting that cardiac autonomic modulation may be better preserved in women than in men

Spectral and symbolic analysis of the effect of gender and postural change on cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy elderly subjects

The objective of this study was to use linear and non-linear methods to investigate cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy elderly men and women in response to a postural change from the supine to the standing position. Fourteen men (66.1 ± 3.5 years) and 10 women (65.3 ± 3.3 years) were evaluated. Beat-to-beat heart rate was recorded in the supine and standing positions. Heart rate variability was studied by spectral analysis, including both low (LFnu-cardiac sympathetic modulation (CSM) indicator) and high (HFnu-cardiac vagal modulation (CVM) indicator) frequencies in normalized units as well as the low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio. Symbolic analysis was performed using the following indexes: 0V% (CSM indicator), 1V% (CSM and CVM indicators), 2LV% (predominantly CVM indicator) and 2ULV% (CVM indicator). Shannon entropy was also calculated. Men presented higher LFnu and LF/HF ratio and lower HFnu and 1V% symbolic index (57.56, 4.14, 40.53, 45.96, respectively) than women (24.60, 0.45, 72.47, 52.69, respectively) in the supine position. Shannon entropy was higher among men (3.53) than among women (3.33) in the standing position, and also increased according to postural change in men (3.25; 3.53). During postural change, the LFnu (24.60; 49.85) and LF/HF ratio (0.45; 1.72) increased, with a concomitant decrease in HFnu (72.47; 47.56) and 2LV% (14.10; 6.95) in women. Women presented increased CSM in response to postural change and had higher CVM and lower CSM than men in the supine position. In conclusion, women in the age range studied presented a more appropriate response to a postural change than men, suggesting that cardiac autonomic modulation may be better preserved in women than in men

New Histochemical and Ultrastructural Observations on Normal Bovine Tonsils

Samples of normal bovine palatine tonsils were examined by light and electron microscopy. Like human tonsils, they were composed of crypts, subepithelial areas, follicles, and T-dependent zones, but their well-developed capsule subdivided the lymphoid tissue by connective septa. B cells formed the major lymphoid component. The follicles and T-dependent zones had morphological and histochemical features typical of peripheral lymph organs. Follicular dendritic cells were isolated and shown to be similar to human follicular dendritic cells