First-principles design and subsequent synthesis of a material to search for the permanent electric dipole moment of the electron

We describe the first-principles design and subsequent synthesis of a new material with the specific functionalities required for a solid-state-based search for the permanent electric dipole moment of the electron. We show computationally that perovskite-structure europium barium titanate should exhibit the required large and pressure-dependent ferroelectric polarization, local magnetic moments, and absence of magnetic ordering even at liquid helium temperature. Subsequent synthesis and characterization of Eu$_{0.5}$Ba$_{0.5}$TiO$_3$ ceramics confirm the predicted desirable properties.Comment: Nature Materials, in pres

Resonance self-shielding methodology of new neutron transport code STREAM

This paper reports on the development and verification of three new resonance self-shielding methods. The verifications were performed using the new neutron transport code, STREAM. The new methodologies encompass the extension of energy range for resonance treatment, the development of optimum rational approximation, and the application of resonance treatment to isotopes in the cladding region. (1) The extended resonance energy range treatment has been developed to treat the resonances below 4 eV of three resonance isotopes and shows significant improvements in the accuracy of effective cross sections (XSs) in that energy range. (2) The optimum rational approximation can eliminate the geometric limitations of the conventional approach of equivalence theory and can also improve the accuracy of fuel escape probability. (3) The cladding resonance treatment method makes it possible to treat resonances in cladding material which have not been treated explicitly in the conventional methods. These three new methods have been implemented in the new lattice physics code STREAM and the improvement in the accuracy of effective XSs is demonstrated through detailed verification calculations.clos

A comparison of the effects of milk and a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on the restoration of fluid balance and exercise capacity in a hot, humid environment

To determine the effect of skimmed milk (MILK) and a sports drink (CHO-E) in restoring fluid balance following exercise-induced dehydration and on subsequent exercise performance. Seven physically active males cycled intermittently in the heat until 2% body mass was lost. During a 1h rehydration period a CHO-E (23mmol Na+/L) or MILK (32mmol Na+/L) was consumed in a volume equivalent to 150% of body mass loss. Following a 3h recovery period, subjects cycled to exhaustion at 61% VO2peak in hot-humid conditions (35°C, 63%). Participants were in positive fluid balance at the end of the 3h recovery period when MILK (191 ± 162 mL) was consumed and euhydrated on CHO-E (-135 ± 392 mL). This difference in fluid balance (326 ± 354 mL), equivalent to 0.4% BM, approached significance (P=0.051). No differences were observed in plasma volume between trials but serum osmolality and stomach fullness were higher on MILK than CHO-E (P<0.05). Rectal temperature was higher on MILK at the onset of the exercise capacity test, but no differences in skin temperature, RPE, heart rate or exercise capacity were observed between MILK (39.7 ± 8.1min) and CHO-E (39.6 ± 7.3min). The results suggest that despite the positive effect on fluid balance, the ingestion of MILK following exercise-induced dehydration did not improve exercise capacity compared to a CHO-E