Factors Associated with Exercise Among Elderly in Boyolali, Indonesia

Background: The elderly will face more problems by getting older. One of which is degenerative disease due to of aging process, such as cardiovascular disease. In the year 2001 (SKRT) data indicated that there were 26.4% elderly suffered from hypertension disease. Exercise for elderly is one of primary preventive actions. Research should be done related to the practice exercise for elderly. This study was aimed to determine the factors of physical exercise for elderly based on health belief model (HBM).Subjects and Method: This was an analytic qualitative study with cross-sectional design. This conducted in Sobokerto, Ngemplak, Boyolali, Central Java, Indonesia. A total sample of 80 elderly with hypertension and participate in physical exercises. Data analysis used chi square and logistic regression.Results: The results showed that the perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and cues to action have relationship with physical exercise. There is positive relationship and statically significant between perceived susceptibility with high phycical exercise (OR= 27.01; 95% CI= 2.04 to 357.91; p= 0.012), high perceived benefits (OR= 26.95; 95% CI= 2.20 to 392.05; p= 0.010), high perceived barriers (OR= 0.021; 95% CI= 0.00 to 0.90 p= 0.044), cues to action (OR= 21.37; 95% CI= 1.94 to 259.92; p = 0.044).Conclusion: The HBM constructs on the physical exercise of elderly who are at risk for hypertension. The most important HBM predictors of physical exercise were perceived susceptibility.Keywords: physical exercise, elderly, hypertension, health belief modelCorrespondence: Aniek Puspitosari. Health Polytechnic, Poltekkes of Surakarta Indonesia.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2016), 1(1): 41-45https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.01.0

Evaluation of Prescription Pattern and Medication Adherence in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease

Background: ALD is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality among patients. A patient’s Medication Non-Adherence may also interfere with the progression of Disease. Analysis of Prescription pattern in ALD helps to ensure the safety of the Patient by assessing the signs and symptoms of disease and its appropriate therapy.  Thus, educating the patients regarding their clinical condition will have a significant role in reducing the severity of the disease. Aim: To assess the Prescription pattern, Medication Adherence and to identify the correlation between the medication adherence and the educational status in ALD patients. Materials and Methods: The Study was a Prospective Observational study carried out for a duration of Six months. Morisky Green Levine scale was the tool used to assess the medication adherence. Data was collected using a self-designed data collection form. Results: A Total of 160 Alcoholic subjects were assessed during the study period among which 65.62% of them were illiterate. Out of total cases 76.87 % of hepatoprotective drugs, 50.62% antiemetics, 38% vitamins and 11% of anti-ulcer drugs were prescribed among patients.  It was found that there exist a relationship between educational status and medication adherence (P-value: 0.0021). Conclusion: The study helped to assess the  different class of drugs, drugs used in different comorbid conditions and also to evaluate, identify and solve the problems associated with the Medication Non-Adherence of the patients. Keywords: Medication Adherence, Alcoholic Liver Disease, Rational Drug Therapy

Multiple one-electron oxidation and reduction of trinuclear bis(2,4-pentanedionato)ruthenium complexes with substituted diquinoxalino[2,3-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine ligands

The complexes (μ3-L1/L2)[Ru(acac)2]3, acac− = 2,4-pentanedionato, L1 = 2,3,8,9,14,15-hexachlorodiquinoxalino[2,3-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine and L2 = 2,3,8,9,14,15- hexamethyldiquinoxalino[2,3-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine, undergo stepwise one-electron oxidation involving a total of three electrons and stepwise one-electron reduction with three (L2) or four electrons (L1). All reversibly accessible states were characterized by UV–Vis–NIR spectroelectrochemistry. Oxidation leads to mixed-valent intermediates {(μ3-L)[Ru(acac)2]3}+ and {(μ3-L)[Ru(acac)2]3}2+ of which the RuIIIRuIIRuII combinations exhibit higher comproportionation constants Kc than the RuIIIRuIIIRuII states – in contrast to a previous report for the unsubstituted parent systems {(μ3-L3)[Ru(acac)2]3}+/2+, L3 = diquinoxalino[2,3-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine. No conspicuous inter-valence charge transfer absorptions were observed for the mixed-valent intermediates in the visible to near-infrared regions. The monocations and monoanions were characterized by EPR spectroscopy, revealing rhombic ruthenium(III) type signals for the former. Electron addition produces ruthenium(II) complexes of the reduced forms of the ligands L, a high resolution EPR spectrum with 14N and 35,37Cl hyperfine coupling and negligible g anisotropy was found for {(μ3-L1)[Ru(acac)2]3}−. DFT calculations of (μ3-L1)[Ru(acac)2]3 confirm several ligand-centered low-lying unoccupied MOs for reduction and several metal-based high-lying occupied MOs for electron withdrawal, resulting in low-energy metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions.© Elsevie

4-Hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (4-HNE) induces neuronal SH-SY5Y cell death via hampering ATP binding at kinase domain of Akt1

Inhibition mechanism(s) of protein kinase B/Akt1 and its consequences on related cell signaling were investigated in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (4-HNE), one of the most reactive aldehyde by-products of lipid peroxidation. In silico data indicate that 4-HNE interacts with kinase domain of Akt1 with the total docking score of 6.0577 and also forms H-bond to Glu234 residue similar to highly potent Akt1 inhibitor imidazopiperidine analog 8b, in which the protonated imidazole nitrogen involves in two hydrogen bonds between Glu234 and Asp292. The strong hydrogen bonding with Glu234 and hydrophobic interactions with several residues, namely Leu156, Gly157, Val164, Ala177, Tyr229, Ala230, Met281 and Thr291, at the vicinity which is normally occupied by the ribose of ATP, appear to be the main causes of Akt1 inhibition and lead to the significant conformational change on this region of protein. Results of mutational docking prove that Glu234 plays a major role in 4-HNE-mediated Akt1 inhibition. In silico data on Akt inhibition were further validated by observing the down-regulated levels of phosphorylated (Thr308/Ser493) Akt1 as well as the altered levels of the downstream targets of pAkt, namely downregulated levels of pGSK3ß (Ser9), ß-catenin, Bcl2 and upregulated levels of pro-apoptotic markers, namely Bad, Bax, P53 and caspase-9/3. The cellular fate of such pAkt inhibition was evidenced by increased reactive oxygen species, degraded nuclei, transferase dUTP nick end labeling positive cells and upregulated levels of pJNK1/2. We identified that 4-HNE-mediated Akt1 inhibition was due to the competitive inhibition of ATP by 4-HNE at the kinase domain of ATP binding sites