ETUDE EN IRM D'UNE SERIE DE 43 CAS DE CRANIOPHARYNGIOMES DE L'ENFANT (DES RADIODIAGNOSTIC ET IMAGERIE MEDICALE)

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Peri-implantitis as a cause of giant-cell granuloma? Presentation of a clinical case

Introduction: Peri implantitis can be identified by classic clinical and radiographic signs. The aim of this case was to show an original exophytic lesion appeared 8 years after the implantation in the mandibular symphysis. Observations: The patient has been implanted on symphyseal site 8 years ago. The lesion was exophytic and located around mobile implant in right mandible. First curative surgical resection was performed under local anesthesia, combined with explantation of mobile implants. Histhopathological exam identified a giants cells granuloma. A second surgical removal was necessary under general anesthesia because of a severe recurrence. Discussion: The goal of this clinical case was to emphasize the possible correlation between inflammatory peri implantits context and giants cells granuloma. Others techniques could be used to manage this case

Imaging of malformations of cortical development

Malformations of cortical development (MCD) include a broad range of disorders that result from disruption of the major steps of cortical development: cell proliferation in germinal zones, neuronal migration and cortical organization. With the improvement and increased utilization of modern imaging techniques, MCD have been increasingly recognized as a major cause of seizure disorders. The advent of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), in particular, has revolutionized the investigation and the treatment of patients with epilepsy. High-resolution MRI may elucidate the type, the extension and the localization of MCD; therefore, in a group of patients suffering from drug-resistant partial epilepsy (DRPE), MRI greatly contributes to the identification of subjects who are suitable for surgical treatment. In the recent past, many efforts were addressed to establish the MRI diagnostic criteria for a peculiar group of MCD, namely focal cortical dysplasias (FCD), histopathologically distinguished as types I and II. Some subtle FCD, which were previously cryptic to imaging investigation, can now be recognized by MRI, however their detection and specification remains challenging. This review will re-visit the neuroimaging findings, including structural MRI, PET, co-registered PET/MRI, MEG and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of FCD types I and II. Three major issues will be discussed: 1) the morphological MRI features of the FCDs, 2) the utility of PET and MEG and the use of co-registration methods and 3) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as a future modality of investigation, which may add additional informations regarding the microstructure of the grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) in cortical dysplasia

Imaging of malformations of cortical development

Malformations of cortical development (MCD) include a broad range of disorders that result from disruption of the major steps of cortical development: cell proliferation in germinal zones, neuronal migration and cortical organization. With the improvement and increased utilization of modern imaging techniques, MCD have been increasingly recognized as a major cause of seizure disorders. The advent of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), in particular, has revolutionized the investigation and the treatment of patients with epilepsy. High-resolution MRI may elucidate the type, the extension and the localization of MCD; therefore, in a group of patients suffering from drug-resistant partial epilepsy (DRPE), MRI greatly contributes to the identification of subjects who are suitable for surgical treatment. In the recent past, many efforts were addressed to establish the MRI diagnostic criteria for a peculiar group of MCD, namely focal cortical dysplasias (FCD), histopathologically distinguished as types I and II. Some subtle FCD, which were previously cryptic to imaging investigation, can now be recognized by MRI, however their detection and specification remains challenging. This review will re-visit the neuroimaging findings, including structural MRI, PET, co-registered PET/MRI, MEG and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of FCD types I and II. Three major issues will be discussed: 1) the morphological MRI features of the FCDs, 2) the utility of PET and MEG and the use of co-registration methods and 3) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as a future modality of investigation, which may add additional informations regarding the microstructure of the grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) in cortical dysplasia

Vertex cephaloceles: A review

Introduction: Vertex cephaloceles (VCs), also known as midline parietal cephaloceles, are among themost common midline scalp masses. Usually composed by a meningeal wall herniating from a vertex skull defect and covered by skin, VCs may also contain both anomalous vessels and neural elements. In spite of their harmless appearance, VCs often hide complex intracranial venous and/or brain malformations so that they represent a "tip of the iceberg". Vertical embryonic positioned straight sinus, elongation of the vein of Galen, persistence of the falcine sinus, fenestration of the superior sagittal sinus, corpus callosum agenesis, intracranial cysts, tentorial malformations, cerebellar vermis agenesis, hydrocephalus, and gray matter heterotopia are some of such associated anomalies. Methods: The treatment of VCs is surgical. It is indicated to prevent the rupture of the malformation or in case of pain or cosmetic impact. A careful preoperative radiological work up is mandatory to investigate the relationship between the VC and the sagittal sinus and/or the possible communication with the brain. The surgical procedure is usually carried out without significant complications. Conclusion: The prognosis of VCs is good even though the overall outcome is affected by the associated brain malformations. \ua9 Springer-Verlag 2013

Brain vein disorders in newborn infants

The brain veins of infants are in a complex phase of remodelling in the perinatal period. Magnetic resonance venography and susceptibility-weighted imaging, together with high-resolution Doppler ultrasound, have provided new tools to aid study of venous developmental anatomy and disease. This review aims to provide a comprehensive background of vein development and perinatal venous lesions in preterm and term-born infants, and to encourage further research in both the fetus and the newborn infant, with the aim of preventing or mitigating parenchymal injury related to diseases involving veins

Subcortical alterations in tissue microstructure adjacent to focal cortical dysplasia: Detection at diffusion-tensor MR imaging by using magnetoencephalographic dipole cluster localization

Purpose: To determine whether changes at diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were present in children with intractable epilepsy and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) in (a) subcortical white matter subjacent to MR imaging–visible areas of FCD, (b) subcortical white matter beyond the MR imaging–visible abnormality but subjacent to a magnetoencephalographic (MEG) dipole cluster, and (c) deep white matter tracts. Materials and Methods: The study protocol had institutional research ethics board approval, and written informed consent was obtained. Fifteen children with FCD and intractable epilepsy (mean age, 11.6 years; range, 3.6–18.3 years) underwent diffusion-tensor MR imaging and MEG. Regions of interest were placed in (a) the subcortical white matter subjacent to the MR imaging–visible abnormality, as well as the contralateral side; (b) the subcortical white matter beyond the MR imaging–visible abnormality but subjacent to a MEG dipole cluster, as well as the contralateral side; and (c) deep white matter tracts projecting to or from the MR imaging–visible FCD, as well as the contralateral side. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, and eigenvalues (λ1, λ2, λ3) were evaluated. Results: Eleven of 15 children had MEG dipole clusters, and four children had MEG scatter. There were significant differences in FA, mean diffusivity, λ2, and λ3 of the subcortical white matter subjacent to the MR imaging–visible FCD (P < .001 for all), as well as that beyond the MR imaging–visible FCD but subjacent to a MEG dipole cluster (P = .001, P = .036, P < .001, and P = .002, respectively), compared with the contralateral side. There were also significant differences in FA (P < .001), mean diffusivity (P = .008), λ2 (P < .001), and λ3 (P = .001) of the deep white matter tracts projecting to or from the MR imaging–visible FCD compared with the contralateral side. Conclusion: With use of MEG dipole clusters to localize the epileptogenic zone, diffusion-tensor imaging can help identify alterations in tissue microstructure beyond the MR imaging–visible FCD