Disinflation in an Open-Economy Staggered-Wage DGE Model: Exchange-Rate Pegging, Booms and the Role of Preannouncement

A dynamic general equilibrium model of an open economy with staggered wages is constructed. We analyse disinflation through pegging the exchange rate. In accordance with the stylised facts, an initial boom in output can result, depending on the exact level of the peg. The reason is an element of preannouncement in the policy. Disinflation through reducing monetary growth is shown to be equivalent to disinflation through pegging the exchange rate, if the latter includes an initial currency revaluation. This helps explain why such disinflation causes a short-run slump. The model can also help explain inflation persistence.Exchange-rate-based disinflation, money-based disinflation, staggered wages, preannouncement effects.

Building a Bird: Musculoskeletal Modeling and Simulation of Wing-Assisted Incline Running during Avian Ontogeny

Flapping flight is the most power-demanding mode of locomotion, associated with a suite of anatomical specializations in extant adult birds. In contrast, many developing birds use their forelimbs to negotiate environments long before acquiring “flight adaptations,” recruiting their developing wings to continuously enhance leg performance and, in some cases, fly. How does anatomical development influence these locomotor behaviors? Isolating morphological contributions to wing performance is extremely challenging using purely empirical approaches. However, musculoskeletal modeling and simulation techniques can incorporate empirical data to explicitly examine the functional consequences of changing morphology by manipulating anatomical parameters individually and estimating their effects on locomotion. To assess how ontogenetic changes in anatomy affect locomotor capacity, we combined existing empirical data on muscle morphology, skeletal kinematics, and aerodynamic force production with advanced biomechanical modeling and simulation techniques to analyze the ontogeny of pectoral limb function in a precocial ground bird (Alectoris chukar). Simulations of wing-assisted incline running (WAIR) using these newly developed musculoskeletal models collectively suggest that immature birds have excess muscle capacity and are limited more by feather morphology, possibly because feathers grow more quickly and have a different style of growth than bones and muscles. These results provide critical information about the ontogeny and evolution of avian locomotion by (i) establishing how muscular and aerodynamic forces interface with the skeletal system to generate movement in morphing juvenile birds, and (ii) providing a benchmark to inform biomechanical modeling and simulation of other locomotor behaviors, both across extant species and among extinct theropod dinosaurs

Nineteenth-Century Royal Navy Sailors From Africa and the African Diaspora: Research Methodology

The paper explains a methodology, where previously there was none, for identifying African and diasporan naval personnel hired by the British Royal Navy to serve in the West African Station in the mid-nineteenth century. The methodology employs a variety of naval documents including: ship\u27s musters, description books, daily sick lists, and medical journals to identify African and diasporan personnel. The Royal Navy employed four categories (Kroomen, Liberated Africans, Africans, Blacks) to describe and to differentiate the African and diasporan work force within the Station. By identifying African and diasporan naval personnel more can be learned about the ways in which race and ethnicity were constructed and applied during the age of abolition. It also provides a method capable of examining the shipboard lives and socio-economic niches carved out by \u27subject\u27 people within the British maritime Atlantic World

Alien Registration- Rankin, John F. (Saco, York County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/3351/thumbnail.jp

The effect of induced estrus on conception rate in dairy cattle

During the first few weeks of a dairy cows\u27 lactation the milk production rises to a maximum then gradually declines as the lactation progresses. Lactations showing a slow decline are said to have higher persistency than lactations showing a rapid decline in production. Although lactations vary in persistency the production of all cows declines as the lactation progresses. This decline in production combined with the physiological necessity of a dry period makes it necessary for the cow to be bred at regular intervals thus re-establishing the high post-calving level of production. It can be shown that the calving interval which offers the most economic benefit is one which balances the loss of production during the dry periods with the gain in production due to the postcalving peak. Obviously cows with lactations of low persistence need a shorter calving interval than cows with lactation intervals of high persistence, but for the sake of convenience of management and standard-ization of records, a calving interval of twelve months is usually adopted. One of the problems facing the dairy farmer in his attempt to keep his cows to the most economical calving interval is getting the cows to conceive at the right time. For this reason any method of improving the conception rate would find great practical application. To maintain a twelve-month calving interval the cows must be bred as soon as possible after sixty days postpartum. It is entirely possible that the uterus is not in a suitable condition to provide optimum con-ditions for sustaining a pregnancy at this time. This experiment was designed to examine the possibility of improving the conception rate in dairy cattle by inducing an early postpartum estrus with hormone injections. The relationship between the rate of uterine involution and conception rate was also studied

Runway incursions: Airport movement area driver training demographics suggests revisions to airport driver training methods

This paper examines the problem of runway incursions at the (OEP-35) U.S. towered airports. According to the FAA Runway Safety Report (2004), vehicle deviations accounted for 20% (291 events) of all runway incursions during the period of 2000 through 2003. The focus of this quantitative correlational study is whether demographic characteristics are a significant factor in the airport movement area driver training that employees receive at Operational Evolution Plan (OEP-35) US towered airports. Airport driver training officials at the OEP-35 airports were surveyed using a five-point Likert-type survey. The data from this study suggested that demographic characteristics are significant factors in the airport driver training that employees receive at Operational Evolution Plan (OEP-35) US towered airports, and vary by geographic region, as well as ethnic and cultural influences prevalent in each region. The data from this study may assist airport operators in identifying significant demographic characteristics that affect the outcomes of their driver training programs, and potential improvements that may enhance airport movement area driver training programs in various geographic regions

Marshall University Music Department Presents a Faculty Recital, John H. Mead, Trombone, Carolyn Rankin, Piano

https://mds.marshall.edu/music_perf/1141/thumbnail.jp

Inferring muscle functional roles of the ostrich pelvic limb during walking and running using computer optimization

Owing to their cursorial background, ostriches (Struthio camelus) walk and run with high metabolic economy, can reach very fast running speeds and quickly execute cutting manoeuvres. These capabilities are believed to be a result of their ability to coordinate muscles to take advantage of specialized passive limb structures. This study aimed to infer the functional roles of ostrich pelvic limb muscles during gait. Existing gait data were combined with a newly developed musculoskeletal model to generate simulations of ostrich walking and running that predict muscle excitations, force and mechanical work. Consistent with previous avian electromyography studies, predicted excitation patterns showed that individual muscles tended to be excited primarily during only stance or swing. Work and force estimates show that ostrich gaits are partially hip-driven with the bi-articular hip–knee muscles driving stance mechanics. Conversely, the knee extensors acted as brakes, absorbing energy. The digital extensors generated large amounts of both negative and positive mechanical work, with increased magnitudes during running, providing further evidence that ostriches make extensive use of tendinous elastic energy storage to improve economy. The simulations also highlight the need to carefully consider non-muscular soft tissues that may play a role in ostrich gait