Value-at-Risk and Tsallis statistics: risk analysis of the aerospace sector

In this study, we analyze the aerospace stocks prices in order to characterize the sector behavior. The data analyzed cover the period from January 1987 to April 1999. We present a new index for the aerospace sector and we investigate the statistical characteristics of this index. Our results show that this index is well described by Tsallis distribution. We explore this result and modify the standard Value-at-Risk (VaR), financial risk assessment methodology in order to reflect an asset which obeys Tsallis non-extensive statistics.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, to appear in Physica

O treinamento de planejadores do setor saúde

After focusing the importance of human resources for carrying out health programs which have deserved the attention of WHO, the Author emphasizes that special consideration has also been given lately to the preparation of the planning staff. An evaluation of the objectives and contents of courses on health planning is presented, followed by a comparison of courses which tock place in the USA, Trinidad and Tobago, Chile and Brazil. The Author concludes emphasizes the role of WHO - through its Regional Office - in the implementation and consolidation of such courses in the Americas.Após destacar a importância dos recursos humanos na execução dos programas de saúde e destacar a atenção que o problema tem merecido da Organização Mundial da Saúde, salienta-se que nos últimos anos essa atenção vem sendo igualmente dispensada ao preparo de pessoal de cúpula, destinado ao exercício de atividades de planejamento. Em seguida, é feita uma apreciação sumária sôbre os cursos de planejamento do setor saúde no tocante a seus objetivos e conteúdo, acompanhada de uma análise comparativa dos cursos realizados nos Estados Unidos da América, Trinidad e Tobago, Chile e Brasil. Finalmente, é pôsto em evidência o relevante papel desempenhado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde - através de seu organismo regional - na implantação e consolidação dêsses cursos em países das Américas

Evaluation of public health program

Após discussão do conceito de avaliação, a partir das clássicas idéias de controle administrativo, foram indicados alguns dos critérios mais freqüentemente utilizados na avaliação dos programas de saúde. Chama-se a atenção, todavia, para os riscos inerentes a tais critérios, derivados do fato de que a problemática de saúde - como reflexo das condições gerais de vida - é fortemente afetada por fatores impermeáveis às ações específicas do setor. Daí a necessidade do emprego de critérios mais simples, que permitam estabelecer uma relação de causa e efeito entre as ações desenvolvidas e os resultados alcançados.After discussing the concept of evaluation, based on classical ideas of administrative control, some more frequently used criteria of evaluation of health programs are presented. Attention is called, however, to the inherent risks, pertaining to the fact that health problems - as a reflex of general conditions of life - are heavily influenced by factors that are impervious to the specific action of the area. Therefore, simpler criteria that permit the establishment of a causal relation between undertaken action and results achieved must be used

The Latin Leaflet

In the present work, we apply the asymptotic homogenization technique to the equations describing the dynamics of a heterogeneous material with evolving micro-structure, thereby obtaining a set of upscaled, effective equations. We consider the case in which the heterogeneous body comprises two hyperelastic materials and we assume that the evolution of their micro-structure occurs through the development of plastic-like distortions, the latter ones being accounted for by means of the Bilby–Kröner–Lee (BKL) decomposition. The asymptotic homogenization approach is applied simultaneously to the linear momentum balance law of the body and to the evolution law for the plastic-like distortions. Such evolution law models a stress-driven production of inelastic distortions, and stems from phenomenological observations done on cellular aggregates. The whole study is also framed within the limit of small elastic distortions, and provides a robust framework that can be readily generalized to growth and remodeling of nonlinear composites. Finally, we complete our theoretical model by performing numerical simulations

LL37, a human antimicrobial peptide with immunomodulatory properties

Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent the first line of defense against many invading pathogens. These small amphipathic peptides are part of the innate immune system and have a broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses. In mammals, at least two distinct groups of AMPs are found. Defensins are the more representatives and cathelicidins form the second group. The hCAP18/LL37 is the only known human cathelicidin. The antimicrobial peptide is referred to as LL37, since it has a 37 amino acids sequence starting with two leucines. It is a 4.5 kDa, cationic (+6), amphipathic -helical peptide, with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Besides its antimicrobial properties LL37 plays a central role in innate immune responses and inflammation. It has been identified as a potent chemoattractant for mast cells, monocytes, T lymphocytes and neutrophils using formyl-peptide receptorlike 1 (FPRL1). LL37 also promotes wound healing, angiogenesis and arteriogenesis and acts as immune adjuvant.y FEDER funds through the Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade – COMPETE and by national funds through the project PTDC/EDB/EBI/112170/2009 from the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecn

Escherichia coli expression and purification of LL37 fused to a family III carbohydrate-binding module from Clostridium thermocellum

The cathelicidin derived human peptide LL37 has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. The large variety of biological activities makes LL37 a very promising candidate for clinical applications. The production of biologically active LL37 in large amounts with reduced costs can only be achieved using recombinant techniques. In this work, LL37 has been cloned to the N- and C-termini of a family III carbohydrate-binding module fused to the linker sequence (LK-CBM3) from Clostridium thermocellum; both constructions (LL37-LK-CBM3 and LK-CBM3-LL37) were cloned into the pET-21a vector. A formic acid recognition site was introduced between the two modules, allowing the isolation of LL37 after chemical cleavage. The recombinant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and solubilized with Triton X-100. The purification was achieved using cellulose CF11 fibers, taking advantage of the CBM3 specific affinity for cellulose; after hydrolysis with formic acid, LL37 was further purified by reverse-phase HPLC, as confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The production and purification methodology developed in this work compares advantageously to other protocols previously described, having fewer purification steps. Only the recombinant LL37 obtained from the C-terminally fused protein (LK-CBM3-LL37) showed antibacterial activity against E. coli K12, with a MIC of 180 μg/ml.University of Porto. Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology. Proteomics Unit (IPATIMUP)Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - SFRH/BD/27404/200

New hydrogel obtained by chitosan and dextrin-VA co-polymerization

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