The Effect of Sample Length, Fiber Length and Rate of Loading on Tensile and T.E.A.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of fiber length, sample length and rate of loading on tensile and TEA. The most important aspect of this study was the elimination or controlling of variables which appeared in all related studies to date. With this in mind, an experimental procedure was drawn up which would eliminate or control these variables. The original pulp was taken without any cutting, formed into handsheets, and pressed. The handsheets were then cut in order to reduce the fiber length while the handsheets were wet. Cutting the fibers was done with a paper cutter and was followed by average fiber length determination by projection

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF TOTAL ALKALOIDS IN THE TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA M. AND ITS HERBAL FORMULATIONS

Objective: A simple spectrophotometric method was developed for the estimation of total alkaloids in Tinospora cordifolia M. and its formulations.Methods: The method based on the formation of yellow colored complex by reaction between bromocresol green (BCG) and alkaloids in medicinal plants. A yellow colored complex forms is easily extractable by chloroform at pH 4.7.Results: The method was linear in concentration range of 2-10 μg/ml with λmax at 415 nm. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.215 and 0.652 respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were within the acceptable criteria (relative standard deviation<2.0% and accuracy within 100±2%). Conclusion: The developed method is simple, precise and accurate and can be adopted for the routine quality control and standardization of plant materials containing alkaloids and its pharmaceutical products.Â

Evaluation of relationship between timing of surgery and functional outcome considering the extent of neurological deficit in patients with cauda equina syndrome secondary to lumbar disc herniation

Background: Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a rare but severe neurological disorder most commonly due to lumbar disc herniation. The role of urgent surgery in improving the outcome of patients with CES remains controversial.Methods: In the present study retrospective evaluation of 44 patients with CES secondary to lumbar disc herniation treated at our hospital between 2009 and 2017 has been done. The patients were categorized into complete (CES-R) and incomplete (CES-I) types of CES and the relationship between timing of surgery and outcome were evaluated.Results: Out of 44 patients, 28 patients presented with CES-I and 16 patients presented with CES-R. In patients with CES-I there was statistically significant difference (p=0.0001) in all observed surgical outcome between the patients operated within 48 hrs and those operated after 48 hrs. In patients with CES-R, no correlation was found between onset of symptoms and timing of surgery as recovery was partial in all the patients except 3 who completely recovered, irrespective of their operative times. (p=0.494).Conclusions: Early diagnosis and treatment in form of emergency decompressive surgery done within 48 hours of onset of autonomic symptoms in CES-I patients can prevent further neurological damage and deterioration to CES-R. For CES-R patients operating within 48 hours made no difference to their outcome. However, necessary investigations and planned surgery by skilful surgeon should be arranged as soon as is reasonably possible for patients with CES-R.

A Novel Numerical Approach for Generation and Propagation of Rotor-Stator Interaction Noise

As turbofan engine designs move towards bypass ratios \u3e12 and corresponding low pressure ratios, fan rotor blade tip Mach numbers are reduced, leading to rotor-stator interaction becoming an important contributor to tonal fan noise. For future aircraft configurations employing boundary layer ingestion, non-uniform flow enters the fan. The impact of such non-uniform flows on the generation and propagation of rotor-stator interaction tones has yet to be assessed. In this thesis, a novel approach is proposed to numerically predict the generation and propagation of rotor-stator interaction noise with distorted inflow. The approach enables a 42% reduction in computational cost compared to traditional approaches employing a sliding interface between the rotor and stator. Such an interface may distort rotor wakes and can cause non-physical acoustic wave reflections if time steps are not sufficiently small. Computational costs are reduced by modelling the rotor using distributed, volumetric body forces. This eliminates the need for a sliding interface and thus allows a larger time step size. The force model responds to local flow conditions and thus can capture the effects of long-wavelength flow distortions. Since interaction noise is generated by the incidence of the rotor wakes onto the stator vanes, the key challenge is to produce the wakes using a body force field since the rotor blades are not directly modelled. It is shown that such an approach can produce wakes by concentrating the viscous forces along streamtubes in the last 15% chord. The new approach to rotor wake generation is assessed on the GE R4 fan from NASA\u27s Source Diagnostic Test, for which the computed overall aerodynamic performance matches the experiment to within 1%. The rotor blade wakes are generated with widths in excellent agreement and depths in fair agreement with the experiment. An assessment of modal sound power levels computed in the exhaust duct indicates that this approach can be used for predicting downstream propagating interaction noise

Health and Usage Monitoring: Autonomous Vehicles

This thesis presents a work in progress related to the use of Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS) data to actuate an adaptive control system on an autonomous vehicle operating in an Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The autonomous passenger vehicle has rapidly matured from a speculative concept to a reality that is quickly appearing within our sightlines. Autonomous (also called self-driving, driverless, or robotic) vehicles have long been predicted in science fiction and discussed in popular science media. Recently, major corporations have announced plans to begin selling such vehicles in the near future, and some jurisdictions have passed legislation to allow such vehicles to operate legally on public roads. Autonomous vehicles will be performing intelligent functions (navigation, maneuver, behavior, or task) by perceiving the environment and implementing a responsive action based on HUMS input. Once these vehicles begin to operate on public roads as a norm, safety and reliability becomes a major factor. The implementation or expanded use of HUMS can perceivably render these systems reliable and safe to operate in any environment or mode. This thesis also depicts a notational framework for HUMS in autonomous vehicles operating on ITS networks and future research needed to make this a reality. Keywords: Health and Usage Monitoring System (HUMS), Reliability, Adaptive Systems, Prognostics, Autonomous Vehicle, Intelligent Transportation SystemM.S., Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics -- Drexel University, 201

A SURVEY OF EMBEDDED SOFTWARE PROFILING METHODOLOGIES

ABSTRAC

Optimazation and performance analysis of gas turbine blade by implimenting cooling techniques

Gas turbine are extensively used for aircraft propulsion, land-based power generation, thermal efficiency and power output of gas turbine increase with increasing turbine rotor inlet temperature (RIT) the current RIT level in advanced gas turbine is far above the melting point of the blade material. Therefore, along with high temperature material developed a sophisticated cooling scheme must be developed for continuous safe operation of gas turbine with high performance ,gas turbine blades are cooled internally and externally for increase the life of blade turbine. This paper is focused on internal cooling of blade and vanes on gas turbine, internal cooling is achieved by passing the coolant through several enhanced serpentine passages inside the blade and extracting the heat from the outside of the blade. Jet impingement cooling, rib tabulators, dimple and pin fin cooling are all utilized as method of internal cooling, which are presented in this article. Due to the different heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop, they are used in specific part of the blades and vanes on the gas turbine

Speech Enhancement using DWT for Hearing Aid Application

Hearing impairment is the number one chronic disability affecting people in the world. With a loss of hearing, person is restricted from his or her normal social activity, which may in turn cause undesirable influence on mental health. An effective treatment for the problem is hearing assistive device called hearing aid. With reference to patient’s audiogram hearing aid device would enhance signal such that hearing impaired person can hear comfortably. It has been tried to implement same technical concept. Presented approach for speech enhancement for hearing aid by using discrete wavelet transform-multiresolution analysis. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150518

Evaluation of endometrial pathologies with high resolution transvaginal ultrasound

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate endometrial lesions on the basis of their appearances by high resolution trans-vaginal ultrasound. High resolution trans-vaginal sonography is useful for diagnosis of various endometrial lesions. Broad spectrum of endometrial lesions can be accurately imaged by various available modalities of which ultrasound is easily available, reliable, non-invasive and cost effective modality.Methods: In these study cases with complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding, suspected retained products, white discharge, dysmenorrhea and habitual abortions were evaluated with trans-vaginal ultrasound. Lesions were carefully studied and evaluated. Philips HD-11 and Accuson Siemens ultrasound machines with trans-vaginal probes were used.Results: In all 121 cases, trans-abdominal and trans-vaginal high resolution ultrasound was performed for different lesions in endometrium. Age group of females was between 18 to 65 years. Different uterine lesions were studied. Out of which most commonly encountered lesions were endometrial hyperplasia followed by polyps and least common lesion was AV malformation.Conclusions: High resolution trans-vaginal ultrasound helped in staging and management in cases of ca. endometrium. Hence trans-vaginal ultrasound should be 1st choice of investigation for diagnosis of endometrial lesions