Safe Area for Residential Population to Reside Near Limestone Mining: a Risk Management Approach

Di Sukabumi, batu kapur ditambang oleh penduduk setempat tanpa pengendalian bahaya yang memadai. Untuk mengestimasi risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan penambangan kapur dan menentukan lokasi aman untuk penduduk di sekitarnya, telah dilakukan analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan untuk partikulat tersuspensi total (TSP) dan PM10 di Desa Padabeunghar, Kecamatan Jampang Tengah, Kabupaten Sukabumi. TSP dan PM10 diukur di lokasi penambangan dan di 10 tempat pemukiman dengan interval koaksial sekitar 500 m. Berat badan dan waktu kontak pemajanan diukur dari 110 orang penduduk lelaki dan perempuan dewasa yang dipilih secara acak dari 6.523 rumah tangga di sekitar lokasi penambangan. Estimasi risiko kesehatan, yang dinyatakan sebagai risk quotient (RQ), dihitung dari rata-rata asupan harian TSP dan PM10 dan dosis referensinya (RfC). Risiko kesehatan dianggap ada dan perlu dikendalikan jika RQ>1. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa hanya sekitar 9% penduduk Desa Padabeunghar yang aman dari risiko kesehatan oleh pajanan debu partikulat sepanjang hidup mereka. Dengan RQ gabungan yang berkisar 0,67 sampai 13, lokasi yang aman untuk dihuni berada mulai dari 4 km dari pusat pertambangan ke luar, sedangkan menurut baku mutu lingkungan udara ambien (PP 41/1999) lokasi aman mulai dari 3 km. Konsentrasi TSP dan PM10 yang terukur masing-masing 23-1.606 dan 10-175 μg/M3, sedangkan menurut rumusan manajemen risiko masing-masing 81 μg/M3 dan 57 μg/M3. Angka tingkat aman ini, yang lebih rendah dari ketentuan PP 41/1999 sebesar 90 μg/M3 untuk TSP, dapat dicapai dengan menurunkan laju penambangan dari 25 ton/hari menjadi 6,3 ton/hari, atau dengan memindahkan tungku pembakaran kapur ke lokasi yang lebih jauh dari pemukima

Monthly and Diurnal Variability of Rain Rate and Rain Attenuation during the Monsoon Period in Malaysia

Rain is the major source of attenuation for microwave propagation above 10 GHz. In tropical and equatorial regions where the rain intensity is higher, designing a terrestrial and earth-to-satellite microwave links is very critical and challenging at these frequencies. This paper presents the preliminary results of rain effects in a 23 GHz terrestrial point-to-point communication link 1.3km long. The experimental test bed had been set up at Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. In this area, a monsoon equatorial climate prevails and the rainfall rate can reach values well above 100mm/h with significant monthly and diurnal variability. Hence, it is necessary to implement a mitigation technique for maintaining an adequate radio link performance for the action of very heavy rain. Since we now know that the ULPC (Up Link Power Control) cannot guarantee the desired performance, a solution based on frequency band diversity is proposed in this paper. Here, a secondary radio link operating in a frequency not affected by rain (C band for instance) is placed parallel with the main link. Under no rain or light rain conditions, the secondary link carries without priority radio signals. When there is an outage of the main link due to rain, the secondary link assumes the priority traffic. The outcome of the research shows a solution for higher operating frequencies during rainy events

Time-Scale Domain Characterization of Time-Varying Ultrawideband Infostation Channel

The time-scale domain geometrical-based method for the characterization of the time varying ultrawideband (UWB) channel typical of an infostation channel is presented. Compared to methods that use Doppler shift as a measure of time-variation in the channel this model provides a more reliable measure of frequency dispersion caused by terminal mobility in the UWB infostation channel. Particularly, it offers carrier frequency independent method of computing wideband channel responses and parameters which are important for ultrawideband systems. Results show that the frequency dispersion of the channel depends on the frequency and not on the choice of bandwidth. And time dispersion depends on bandwidth and not on the frequency. It is also shown that for time-varying UWB, frame length defined over the coherence time obtained with reference to the carrier frequency results in an error margin which can be reduced by using the coherence time defined with respect to the maximum frequency in a given frequency band. And the estimation of the frequency offset using the time-scale domain (wideband) model presented here (especially in the case of multiband UWB frequency synchronization) is more accurate than using frequency offset estimate obtained from narrowband models

Analisis Penentuan Jenis Fluida Pendorong Menggunakan Metode Material Balance Berdasarkan Nilai Recovery Factor Pada Lapangan “Arl” Petrochina International Jabung Ltd

Lapangan “ARL” telah berproduksi sejak bulan Januari 2001. Diketahui bahwa mekanisme pendorong yang bekerjapada reservoir ini merupakan water drive. Untuk meyakinkan hasil tersebut, maka dilakukan pengkajian ulang denganmenggunakan metode yang berbeda sebagai bahan validasi. Berdasarkan analisa mekanisme pendorong yang telahdilakukan dengan menggunakan metode material balance, reservoir lapangan ini benar memiliki jenis Water DriveMechanism sebagai mekanisme pendorongnya dimana tenaga pendorong terbesarnya didominasi oleh air, yaitu WaterDrive Index (WDI) 74,1%, Untuk meyakinkan hasil analisis dengan menggunakan metode material balance tersebut,maka dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan recovery factor dengan metode decline curve.Nilai recovery factor yang didapat dari hasil perhitungan ini adalah 37,58% dengan prediksi kumulatif minyak sampaiSeptember 2013 ini adalah sebesar 21.432 MBBL dan Remaining Reserve (RR) sebesar 11.357 MBBL, makaLapangan “ARL” ini masih menyisakan cadangan (EUR) sebesar 32.789 MBBL.yang secara teori membenarkanbahwa tingkat perolehan berkisar 35-75% merupakan kisaran efisiensi perolehan minyak pada jenis water drivereservoir

Object's shadow removal with removal validation

We introduce in this paper, a shadow detection and removal method for moving objects especially for humans and vehicles. An effective method is presented for detecting and removing shadows from foreground figures. We assume that the foreground figures have been extracted from the input image by some background subtraction method. A figure may contain only one moving object with or without shadow. The homogeneity property of shadows is explored in a novel way for shadow detection and image division technique is used. The process is followed by filtering, removal, boundary removal and removal validation

268 composition in experimental diabetes

269 alba, Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum graecum which show the inhibitory effect of glucose utilization, and are in use as hypoglycemic agents of varying degree in traditional system of medicine. The glucose uptake activity of (methanolic extracts) of these plants was tested in vitro and glucose was estimated by glucose oxidase method. The results in three different media revealed that, hypoglycemic activity is more prominent in neutral and basic media as compared to acidic medium

3D Partition-Based Clustering for Supply Chain Data Management

Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the management of the products and goods flow from its origin point to point of consumption. During the process of SCM, information and dataset gathered for this application is massive and complex. This is due to its several processes such as procurement, product development and commercialization, physical distribution, outsourcing and partnerships. For a practical application, SCM datasets need to be managed and maintained to serve a better service to its three main categories; distributor, customer and supplier. To manage these datasets, a structure of data constellation is used to accommodate the data into the spatial database. However, the situation in geospatial database creates few problems, for example the performance of the database deteriorate especially during the query operation. We strongly believe that a more practical hierarchical tree structure is required for efficient process of SCM. Besides that, three-dimensional approach is required for the management of SCM datasets since it involve with the multi-level location such as shop lots and residential apartments. 3D R-Tree has been increasingly used for 3D geospatial database management due to its simplicity and extendibility. However, it suffers from serious overlaps between nodes. In this paper, we proposed a partition-based clustering for the construction of a hierarchical tree structure. Several datasets are tested using the proposed method and the percentage of the overlapping nodes and volume coverage are computed and compared with the original 3D R-Tree and other practical approaches. The experiments demonstrated in this paper substantiated that the hierarchical structure of the proposed partitionbased clustering is capable of preserving minimal overlap and coverage. The query performance was tested using 300,000 points of a SCM dataset and the results are presented in this paper. This paper also discusses the outlook of the structure for future reference

Prediksi Erosi pada Beberapa Penggunaan Lahan di Desa Labuan Toposo Kecamatan Labuan Kabupaten Donggala

Erosion is one of the factors that causing the decline in soil capacity to support good agriculture production. This often happened in some land use when the land is managed without pay attention to soil conservation and or the soil capacity to support production. Soil erosion prediction can be good information for local government and soil erosion index of several land use types including non-agriculture can be used to manage sustainability of development. The purpose of this study was to predict the soil erosion rate and determine soil erosion erosion index on several land use types at the Labuan Toposo village Donggala District. The soil was analyzed at soil science laboratory of Tadulako University. The study was conducted from October to January 2016. This study was used the method direct survey in the field and continued with the soil sampling for laboratory analysis. Then the analysis result was further processed by using the equation USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation ). This study showed that the erosion index that occurredat the village of Labuan Toposo was diverse while the erosion hazard index was lowest for forest land, and the highest was found for teak and coconut. This was caused by land use patterns, land management measures, in addition the high erosion hazard index indicate the potential to cause erosion. It is therefore vital to do conservation measures to prevent erosion e.g. by inter cropping and the use of crop residue on land surface such as mulching

Association of Physical Activity with Co-morbid Conditions in Geriatric Population

To find out association of physical activity with co-morbid conditions in geriatric population, a cross-sectional study was conducted in different cties of Pakistan in 2015. A total of 114 participants were inducted by non-probability convenience sampling technique. Data was collected after informed verbal consent by a validated questionnaire that is Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA). Participants were categorized into two groups i.e. physically active and physically inactive. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 20. There were 66 (57.9%) males and 48 (42.1%) females with mean age of 57.04±7.348 years. Among hypertensive individuals (n=43, 37.7%) there were 39 (90.7%) physically inactive, among individuals having angina (n=17, 14.9%) there were 15 (88.2%) physically inactive. Out of 37 (32.5%) diabetics, 35 (94.6%) were physically inactive. Among individuals suffering from arthritis (n=40, 35.1%), there were 38 (95%) physically inactive. A significant association was found between physical activity and diabetes and arthritis with p-value of 0.048 and 0.029 respectively. Physical activity is significantly associated with diabetes and arthritis in geriatric population. Adequate physical activity should be performed to reduce the risk of co-morbid conditions and improve the quality of life in geriatric population

Improving Nearest Neighbour Search in 3D Spatial Access Method

Nearest Neighbour (NN) is one of the important queries and analyses for spatial application. In normal practice, spatial access method structure is used during the Nearest Neighbour query execution to retrieve information from the database. However, most of the spatial access method structures are still facing with unresolved issues such as overlapping among nodes and repetitive data entry. This situation will perform an excessive Input/Output (IO) operation which is inefficient for data retrieval. The situation will become more crucial while dealing with 3D data. The size of 3D data is usually large due to its detail geometry and other attached information. In this research, a clustered 3D hierarchical structure is introduced as a 3D spatial access method structure. The structure is expected to improve the retrieval of Nearest Neighbour information for 3D objects. Several tests are performed in answering Single Nearest Neighbour search and k Nearest Neighbour (kNN) search. The tests indicate that clustered hierarchical structure is efficient in handling Nearest Neighbour query compared to its competitor. From the results, clustered hierarchical structure reduced the repetitive data entry and the accessed page. The proposed structure also produced minimal Input/Output operation. The query response time is also outperformed compared to the other competitor. For future outlook of this research several possible applications are discussed and summarized