Forrageiras em regime de corte avaliadas pela técnica in vitro semi-automática de produção de gases.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar, atraves da tecnica in vitro semi-automatica de producao de gases, os potenciais maximos de producao de gases, degradabilidade da materia seca (DMS) e as taxas de producao de gases (mi) e de degradacao da MS (c) do capim Elefante (Pennisetum purpureum) - cv. Napier, cana-de-acucar (Saccharum officinarum) - var. rb 72454 e de dois hibridos de sorgo com capim Sudao (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum sudanense) - AG 2501 e BRS 800, avaliados em regime de corte. Foi utilizado o modelo de descricao matematica da cinetica ruminal proposto por FRANCE et al. (1993( ara determinacao dos potenciais maximos de producao de gases (A) de 237, 232, 217 e 213 ml/g MS e taxas de producao de gases (mi) de 0,028, 0,079, 0,022 ml/h, empregando-se a equacao sugerida por ORSKOV et al. (1980) , foram encontrados potenciais de degradabilidade da MS (A) de 68,7, 66,2, 65,9 e 65,8% e taxas de degradacao da MS (c) de 0,054, 0,033, 0,051 e 0,049 %/h para o capim Elefante, a cana-de-acucar, o Ag 2501 e o BRS 800, respectivamente. para todos os alimentos foram notadas altas correlacoes entre as producoes cumulativas de gases e as degradabilidades da MS

Dados agronômicos de seis genótipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) para a produção de silagem.

Foram utilizados seis genótipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) de porte alto e colmo seco, colhidos no estádio de grão leitoso/pastoso, com o objetivo de avaliar a altura média das plantas, número de plantas por hectare, proporção panícula/folha/ colmo, dados de produção de matéria verde, matéria seca e matéria seca digestível por hectare. Os híbridos 1 e 2 são as testemunhas comerciais (BRS610 e VOLUMAX, respectivamente), enquanto que os outros quatro são novos materiais desenvolvidos pela EMBRAPA Milho e Sorgo. Utilizou-se o teste SNK para comparação entre médias, com um delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso. Houve grande variação no número de plantas por hectare nos genótipos avaliados. Eles não apresentaram diferença estatística na produção de Matéria Verde/hectare. Os híbridos apresentaram correlação positiva entre produção de MS/ha e altura das plantas [r= 0,52 (p= 0,05)]. O híbrido 2 apresentou maior produção de Matéria Seca e Matéria Seca Digestível/ha. Não houve diferença estatística nas proporções de panícula/folha/colmo, com valores que oscilaram de 42,61 a 55,14; 20,75 a 25.73 e 22,85 a 32,75% na MS, respectivamente

Proteína bruta, nitrogênio amoniacal e digestibilidade in vitro das silagens de seis genótipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench).

Foram estudados o teor de proteína bruta (PB), a porcentagem de nitrogênio amoniacal no nitrogênio total (N-NH3/NT (%)) e a digestibilidade "in vitro" da matéria seca (DIVMS) de seis genótipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) de porte alto e colmo seco para a produção de silagem. Os híbridos 1 e 2 são as testemunhas comerciais (BRS610 e VOLUMAX, respectivamente), enquanto que os outros quatro são novos materiais desenvolvidos pela EMBRAPA Milho e Sorgo. A colheita do material a ser ensilado foi realizada durante o estádio de grão leitoso/pastoso. Nas silagens utilizaram-se silos de laboratório, feitos de PVC. Foram avaliados oito períodos, sendo que um destes a forragem antes de ensilar (PO). Os silos foram abertos com 1; 3; 5; 7; 14; 28 e 56 dias de fermentação, que correspondem a P1; P2; P3; P4; P5; P6 e P7, respectivamente. Utilizou-se o teste SNK para comparação entre médias, com um delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso. O genótipo 4 apresentou valor elevado de DIVMS (60,12%) em relação aos demais que tiveram oscilação de 53,17 a 59,64%. Quanto à PB eles apresentaram variação de 5,60 a 7 ,45% na MS. Nas silagens os valores de nitrogênio amoniacal foram inferiores a 10%. Todos os materiais se mostraram promissores para a confecção de silagens, pois os nutrientes dos híbridos em estudo se mostraram estáveis diante do processo de ensilagem

Validação do método de análise de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) em matrizes empregadas na alimentação animal.

Quantificar corretamente o teor de fibras nos alimentos é essencial para formular as dietas dos animais de acordo com as exigências nutricionais, visando proporcionar o aumento na eficiência da digestão e obtenção de energia necessária para seus processos fisiológicos

COVID-19 and the Global Impact on Colorectal Practice and Surgery

Background: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus that emerged in December 2019 causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to the sudden national reorganization of health care systems and changes in the delivery of health care globally. The purpose of our study was to use a survey to assess the global effects of COVID-19 on colorectal practice and surgery. Materials and Methods: A panel of International Society of University Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ISUCRS) selected 22 questions, which were included in the questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed electronically to ISUCRS fellows and other surgeons included in the ISUCRS database and was advertised on social media sites. The questionnaire remained open from April 16 to 28, 2020. Results: A total of 287 surgeons completed the survey. Of the 287 respondents, 90% were colorectal specialists or general surgeons with an interest in colorectal disease. COVID-19 had affected the practice of 96% of the surgeons, and 52% were now using telemedicine. Also, 66% reported that elective colorectal cancer surgery could proceed but with perioperative precautions. Of the 287 respondents, 19.5% reported that the use of personal protective equipment was the most important perioperative precaution. However, personal protective equipment was only provided by 9.1% of hospitals. In addition, 64% of surgeons were offering minimally invasive surgery. However, 44% reported that enough information was not available regarding the safety of the loss of intra-abdominal carbon dioxide gas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, 61% of the surgeons were prepared to defer elective colorectal cancer surgery, with 29% willing to defer for ≤ 8 weeks. Conclusion: The results from our survey have demonstrated that, globally, COVID-19 has affected the ability of colorectal surgeons to offer care to their patients. We have also discussed suggestions for various practical adaptation strategies for use during the recovery period. We have presented the results of a survey used to assess the global impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the delivery of colorectal surgery. Despite accessible guidance information, our results have demonstrated that COVID-19 has significantly affected the ability of colorectal surgeons to offer care to patients. We have also discussed practical adaptation strategies for use during the recovery phase

Amazonia Camtrap: a data set of mammal, bird, and reptile species recorded with camera traps in the Amazon forest.

Abstract : The Amazon forest has the highest biodiversity on Earth. However, information on Amazonian vertebrate diversity is still deficient and scatteredacross the published, peer-reviewed, and gray literature and in unpublishedraw data. Camera traps are an effective non-invasive method of surveying vertebrates, applicable to different scales of time and space. In this study, we organized and standardized camera trap records from different Amazonregions to compile the most extensive data set of inventories of mammal,bird, and reptile species ever assembled for the area. The complete data setcomprises 154,123 records of 317 species (185 birds, 119 mammals, and13 reptiles) gathered from surveys from the Amazonian portion of eightcountries (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru,Suriname, and Venezuela). The most frequently recorded species per taxawere: mammals:Cuniculus paca (11,907 records); birds: Pauxi tuberosa (3713 records); and reptiles:Tupinambis teguixin(716 records). The infor-mation detailed in this data paper opens up opportunities for new ecological studies at different spatial and temporal scales, allowing for a moreaccurate evaluation of the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, climatechange, and other human-mediated defaunation processes in one of themost important and threatened tropical environments in the world. The data set is not copyright restricted; please cite this data paper when usingits data in publications and we also request that researchers and educator sinform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

AMAZONIA CAMTRAP: A dataset of mammal, bird, and reptile species recorded with camera traps in the Amazon forest

The Amazon forest has the highest biodiversity on Earth. However, information on Amazonian vertebrate diversity is still deficient and scattered across the published, peer‐reviewed, and gray literature and in unpublished raw data. Camera traps are an effective non‐invasive method of surveying vertebrates, applicable to different scales of time and space. In this study, we organized and standardized camera trap records from different Amazon regions to compile the most extensive data set of inventories of mammal, bird, and reptile species ever assembled for the area. The complete data set comprises 154,123 records of 317 species (185 birds, 119 mammals, and 13 reptiles) gathered from surveys from the Amazonian portion of eight countries (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela). The most frequently recorded species per taxa were: mammals: Cuniculus paca (11,907 records); birds: Pauxi tuberosa (3713 records); and reptiles: Tupinambis teguixin (716 records). The information detailed in this data paper opens up opportunities for new ecological studies at different spatial and temporal scales, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, climate change, and other human‐mediated defaunation processes in one of the most important and threatened tropical environments in the world. The data set is not copyright restricted; please cite this data paper when using its data in publications and we also request that researchers and educators inform us of how they are using these data