Diferencias y similitudes de la niebla entre Iquique (Chile) y Mejía (Perú)

Since 1995 in the coast of the province of Arequipa, near the city of Mollendo, a project for the use of fog is being developed, and the same is being done since 1997 in Iquique, Chile. Both projects have interesting information about fogwater collection in a monthly basis that permit the comparison of the yields between places and the spatial behaviour of this climatic phenomenon in both sectors. A discussion about the factors that determine in each case the yields is given.Desde 1995, en la costa de la provincia de Arequipa, próximo a la ciudad de Mollendo, se desarrolla un proyecto de aprovechamiento de niebla, y en las costas aledañas a Iquique se hace lo mismo desde 1997. Ambos proyectos tienen, entre sus variados resultados, información sobre colección de agua de niebla en una base mensual que permite comparar tanto los rendimientos como la dinámica espacial del fenómeno climático en ambos sectores. Se discuten las diversas variables que determinan en cada caso el comportamiento de la niebla y también se entregan datos que permiten comparar el potencial de colección de agua de niebla

Campos de tillandsias y niebla en el desierto de Tarapacá

ln the desert ic coastal mountain range, near Iquique, in the Tarapacá Region,there are some fields of "tillandsias "(Tillandsia landbecki). These xerophitic plants survive the dry conditions of the area due to fog . One objective ofthis article is to analyze the factors that define its presence. It is an obligation to recognize the distribution of this fragil vegetation and to protect it from extintion.En el desierto de la cordillera de la Costa en las proximidades delqui que en la Región de Tarapacá se encuentran paños de tillandsias (Tillandsia landbecki), un tipo de vegetación xerófita que logra vivir en las condiciones de sequedad extrema gracias a la niebla.Conocer los factores que definen su presencia es uno de los objetivos de este artículo. El precario estado en que esta vegetación se encuentra, obliga a conocer su distribución y tomar medidas para su protección

Water from fog covered mountains

Due to copyright restrictions, this item cannot be share

Quality of fog water collected for domestic and agricultural use in Chile

One exciting new application of meteorology is the prospect of using high-elevation fogs as an arid land's water resource. This has now become reality in northern Chile where a pilot project has used 50 fog collectors to generate an average of 7200 1 of water per day during three drought years. The chemical composition of the fog water is of primary importance and is examined in this paper.A small, carefully cleaned fog-water collector was used at the site (elevation 780 m) to study the incoming fog (cloud). The ion and trace-element concentrations met Chilean and the World Health Organization's (WHO) drinking-water standards. The pH values, however, were at times extremely low. Samples from 1987 and 1988 were consistent with those from the larger dataset in 1989. The lowest observed pH was 3.46. The acidity was associated with high concentrations (89%) of excess sulfate in the 15 fog-water samples (based on Cl- as the seawater tracer element). The NO3-/SO4= equivalents ratio for the fog samples was 0.18, showing the dominance of SO4= in determining the acidity of the fog samples. The relative abundances of ions and trace elements in the dry deposition are very similar to those in the fog water, suggesting that the aerosols originate primarily from evaporated cloud droplets over the ocean. Based on enrichment-factor calculations (with Cl- as the indicator element for seawater and Al for the earth's crust), sea salts were the main source of Na+, Mg++, and Cl- in the fog water; soil dust was the main source of Fe, Al and Ti; and other sources provided Ca++, K+, NH4+, Br-, SO4=, NO3-, As, Cd, Pb, V, Mn, Ni, Cu, Sr, Sb, and Ba in the fog water. The use of enrichment factors based on the relative abundances in soil extracts suggests that As, V, Cu, and Sr may be available from wetted soil dust.The output from the large (48 m2) fog collectors was also acceptable, except for several of the 24 trace elements, which exceeded the maximum allowable values in the first flush of water after a dry period of a few days. The pH values were again near 4 and would have to undergo a simple treatment to raise them to a value of 6 or more to meet the drinking-water standard. The output from a 2000-1 fog-water storage tank was completely acceptable and that from a 25000-1 storage tank completely acceptable, except for a low pH. In contrast, both the water presently being used in a nearby village and local spring water were unacceptable. It is concluded that fog water is an attractive alternative as a water supply even after collection on the large meshes at this site

Second international conference on fog and fog collection, St. John's, Canada, July 15-20, 2001 : proceedings

Meeting: 2nd International Conference on Fog and Fog Collection, (15-20 July 2001), St. John's, C