Nova cultivar de amendoim para as condições do nordeste brasileiro.

A BRS 151 L-7 é uma nova cultivar de amendoim, de sementes de coloração vermelha, de forma oblonga, desenvolvida pela Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão (CNPA), e destinada ao consumo in natura e à indústria de alimentos. A cultivar é de porte ereto, resultante do cruzamento entre a cultivar produtiva IAC-Tupã (tipo Valência) e a cultivar Senegal 55-437 (tipo Spanish), de ciclo curto. Em ensaios regionais realizados em 27 municípios de quatro estados da Região Nordeste, a cultivar apresentou grande potencial para produtividade de sementes, ciclo vegetativo de 87 dias, tolerância ao estresse hídrico, e grande adaptação ao cultivo em clima semi-árido. Sua produtividade média de vagens em condições experimentais é de 1.850 kg ha-1 em cultivo de sequeiro, e 4.500 kg ha-1 em condições irrigadas, o que corresponde a uma elevação na ordem de 12% e 38%, respectivamente, com relação à produtividade da cultivar tradicional Tatu. No aspecto nutricional, a cultivar BRS 151 L-7 tem baixo teor de óleo (46%), e sua farinha desengordurada contém 55% de proteína; entre os aminoácidos essenciais, é limitante apenas no teor de lisina, em comparação com o padrão da FAO/85

Effects Of Atorvastatin And T-786c Polymorphism Of Enos Gene On Plasma Metabolic Lipid Parameters

Background: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity may be modulated by high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), statins or polymorphisms, such as the T-786C of eNOS. Objective: This study aimed at evaluating if the T-786C polymorphism is associated with changes of atorvastatin effects on the lipid profile, on the concentrations of metabolites of nitric oxide (NO) and of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Methods: Thirty male volunteers, asymptomatic, aged between 18 and 56 years were genotyped and classified according to absence (TT, n = 15) or presence (CC, n = 15) of the polymorphism. They were randomly selected for the use of placebo or atorvastatin (10 mg/day/14 days). After each treatment lipids, lipoproteins, HDL2 and HDL3 composition, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity, metabolites of NO and hsCRP were evaluated. Results: The comparisons between genotypes after placebo showed an increase in CETP activity in a polymorphism-dependent way (TT, 12±7; CC, 22±12; p ≤ 0.05). The interaction analyses between treatments indicated that atorvastatin has an effect on cholesterol, LDL, nitrite and lipid-protein ratios (HDL2 and HDL3) (p ≤ 0.001) in both genotypes. Interestingly, we observed genotype/drug interactions on CETP (p ≤ 0.07) and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) (p ≤ 0.056), leading to a borderline decrease in CETP, but with no effect on Lp(a). HsCRP showed no alteration. Conclusion: These results suggest that statin treatment may be relevant for primary prevention of atherosclerosis in patients with the T-786C polymorphism of eNOS, considering the effects on lipid metabolism.10011420Hadi, H.A., Suwaidi, J.A., Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (2007) Vasc Health Risk Manag, 3 (6), pp. 853-876Higashi, Y., Noma, K., Yoshizumi, M., Kihara, Y., Endothelial function and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases (2009) Circ J, 73 (3), pp. 411-418Alderton, W.K., Cooper, C.E., Knowles, R.G., Nitric oxide synthases: Structure, function and inhibition (2001) Biochem J, 357 (3 PT.), pp. 593-615Cunningham, K.S., Gotlieb, A.I., The role of shear stress in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (2005) Lab Invest, 85 (1), pp. 9-23Napoli, C., Ignarro, L.J., Nitric oxide and pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of vascular diseases (2009) Arch Pharm Res, 32 (8), pp. 1103-1108Tai, S.C., Robb, G.B., Marsden, P.A., Endothelial nitric oxide synthase: 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cardiovascular mortality with the prophylactic use of statins (2010) Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, 106 (5), pp. 357-361Fatini, C., Sofi, F., Sticchi, E., Gensini, F., Gori, A.M., Fedi, S., Influence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms (G894T, 4a4b, T-786C) and hyperhomocysteinemia on the predisposition to acute coronary syndromes (2004) Am Heart J, 147 (3), pp. 516-521Alvarez, R., Gonzalez, P., Batalla, A., Reguero, J.R., Iglesias-Cubero, G., Hevia, S., Association between the NOS3 (-786 T/C) and the ACE (I/D) DNA genotypes and early coronary artery disease (2001) Nitric Oxide, 5 (4), pp. 343-348Igarashi, J., Miyoshi, M., Hashimoto, T., Kubota, Y., Kosaka, H., Statins induce S1P1 receptors and enhance endothelial nitric oxide production in response to high-density lipoproteins (2007) Br J Pharmacol, 150 (4), pp. 470-479Blum, A., Shamburek, R., The pleiotropic effects of statins on endothelial function, vascular inflammation, immunomodulation and thrombogenesis 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Deposição do enxofre atmosférico no solo pelas precipitações pluviais e respostas de culturas à adubação sulfatada em sistema plantio direto Soil sulphur atmospheric depositions by pluvial precipitations and crops responses to sulfated fertilization in no-tillage system

Entre vários fatores que podem mascarar a ocorrência de respostas das plantas ao enxofre, destaca-se a deposição atmosférica via água da chuva. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a quantidade de sulfato presente na água das chuvas e as respostas de diferentes culturas à adubação sulfatada. Foi utilizado um experimento instalado a campo, em 2002, sobre um Argissolo Vermelho distrófico arênico, em sistema plantio direto, num esquema bifatorial com quatro doses de sulfato e duas sucessões de culturas. No período de julho de 2002 a dezembro de 2003, foram realizados três cultivos, aplicando-se as doses de 0, 15, 30 e 60kg de S-SO4-2 ha-1 no primeiro cultivo, 1/3 dessas doses no segundo cultivo e no terceiro não foi aplicado S-SO4-2. A partir de maio de 2004, foi avaliado mais um ciclo de três cultivos (aveia preta/feijoeiro/trigo e aveia preta/soja/canola), para os quais as doses de S-SO4-2 foram reaplicadas antes da implantação das culturas, exceto a da aveia preta. Durante o período de setembro de 2004 a novembro de 2005, quantificou-se o aporte de enxofre via água das chuvas. Somente o feijoeiro respondeu à aplicação de sulfato. A ausência de resposta das demais culturas pode estar relacionada com a deposição atmosférica pela água da chuva, cujo valor determinado foi de 3,2kg de enxofre ha-1 ano-1, e com a mineralização dos resíduos culturais, que devem ter sido suficientes para atender a demanda das plantas.<br>Some factors, such as atmospheric sulphur deposition by rain, may mask the crops response to fertilizers containing sulphur. This experiment was carried out to study (a) crop yields response to sulphur, and (b) sulphur deposition by rain. An experiment was installed in 2002 Winter, and cultivated to three crops sequences until December 2003, with sulfate rate of 0, 15, 30, and 60kg ha-1 for the first crop, 1/3 rates for the second crop and nil on the third. From May 2004 to October 2005, it was cultivated two new cultures in each crops system (black oat / bean / wheat and black oat / soybean / colza). The same sulfate rates applied in 2002 were again applied to second and third crops. The atmospheric sulphur deposition was evaluated by sampling all rain events from September 2004 to November 2005. Only bean responded to sulfate application. No response observed to other crop yields may be attributed to the sulphur atmospheric deposition and organic matter mineralization. The sulphur atmospheric deposition was 3.2kg ha-1 year-1 which is equivalent to almost 10kg ha-1 year-1 of sulfate

Teores de &#946;-caroteno em suplementos e biomassa de Spirulina Contents of &#946;-carotene in supplements and biomass of Spirulina

A cianobactéria Spirulina tem sido utilizada há séculos, tendo em vista suas propriedades nutricionais e medicinais. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se analisar os teores de &#946;-caroteno tanto em suplementos alimentares a base de Spirulina comercializados em estabelecimentos de produtos naturais no mercado varejista, quanto em S. platensis cultivada em laboratório. Alguns pigmentos carotenóides possuem atividade de vitamina A e, dentre eles, o &#946;-caroteno é o que apresenta maior atividade biológica. A extração de &#946;-caroteno foi feita com metanol:água (90:10 v/v), seguida de saponificação e partição em n-hexano. As análises cromatográficas foram realizadas em coluna Waters Spherisorb S5 ODS 2 (4,6 x 250 mm), usando metanol:tetrahidrofurano (90:10, v/v) bombeado a 2 mL min-1, com registro dos cromatogramas em 450 nm. Os suplementos alimentares a base de Spirulina apresentaram baixos teores de &#946;-caroteno. A maior concentração foi encontrada em S. platensis cultivada a 24º C com fotoperíodo de 16 h claro e 8 h escuro. Considerando sua atividade provitamínica, os teores de retinol equivalente (RE) nas microalgas analisadas no presente trabalho foram calculados a partir do &#946;-caroteno para classificá-las como fonte excelente ou fonte útil de vitamina A.<br>Spirulina is a cyanobacterium that has been used for several centuries due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. This work has evaluated the contents of &#946;-carotene both in Spirulina commercialized as food supplement, purchased from natural product shops, and in S. platensis reared under laboratory conditions. Some carotenoids exhibit pro-vitamin A activity, and &#946;-carotene presents the greatest biological activity. &#946;-Carotene of microalgae was extracted in 90% aqueous methanol. These extracts were saponified and partitioned in n-hexane. Chromatographic analyses were carried out in a Spherisorb column S5 ODS 2 (4.6 x 250 mm), with a mobile phase of methanol:tetrahydrofuran (90:10, v/v) delivered at 2 mL min-1 and chromatograms registered at 450 nm absorbance. Food supplement made with Spirulina presented low content of &#946;-carotene. The highest content of &#946;-carotene was detected in S. platensis cultivated under 24º C with photoperiod of 16 h light and 8 h dark. Considering its pro-vitamin activity, retinol equivalent (RE) was calculated from &#946;-carotene to determine whether alga material could be claimed as an useful or an excellent source of the vitamins A