Current status of turbulent dynamo theory: From large-scale to small-scale dynamos

Several recent advances in turbulent dynamo theory are reviewed. High resolution simulations of small-scale and large-scale dynamo action in periodic domains are compared with each other and contrasted with similar results at low magnetic Prandtl numbers. It is argued that all the different cases show similarities at intermediate length scales. On the other hand, in the presence of helicity of the turbulence, power develops on large scales, which is not present in non-helical small-scale turbulent dynamos. At small length scales, differences occur in connection with the dissipation cutoff scales associated with the respective value of the magnetic Prandtl number. These differences are found to be independent of whether or not there is large-scale dynamo action. However, large-scale dynamos in homogeneous systems are shown to suffer from resistive slow-down even at intermediate length scales. The results from simulations are connected to mean field theory and its applications. Recent work on helicity fluxes to alleviate large-scale dynamo quenching, shear dynamos, nonlocal effects and magnetic structures from strong density stratification are highlighted. Several insights which arise from analytic considerations of small-scale dynamos are discussed.Comment: 36 pages, 11 figures, Spa. Sci. Rev., submitted to the special issue "Magnetism in the Universe" (ed. A. Balogh

Criterion A of the AMPD in HiTOP

The categorical model of personality disorder classification in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed. [DSM-5]; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) is highly and fundamentally problematic. Proposed for DSM-5 and provided within Section III (for Emerging Measures and Models) was the Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) classification, consisting of Criterion A (self-interpersonal deficits) and Criterion B (maladaptive personality traits). A proposed alternative to the DSM-5 more generally is an empirically based dimensional organization of psychopathology identified as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP; Kotov etal., 2017). HiTOP currently includes, at the highest level, a general factor of psychopathology. Further down are the five domains of detachment, antagonistic externalizing, disinhibited externalizing, thought disorder, and internalizing (along with a provisional sixth somatoform dimension) that align with Criterion B. The purpose of this article is to discuss the potential inclusion and placement of the self-interpersonal deficits of the DSM-5 Section III Criterion A within HiTOP

A Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Can Transform Mental Health Research

For more than a century, research on psychopathology has focused on categorical diagnoses. Although this work has produced major discoveries, growing evidence points to the superiority of a dimensional approach to the science of mental illness. Here we outline one such dimensional system—the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)—that is based on empirical patterns of co-occurrence among psychological symptoms. We highlight key ways in which this framework can advance mental-health research, and we provide some heuristics for using HiTOP to test theories of psychopathology. We then review emerging evidence that supports the value of a hierarchical, dimensional model of mental illness across diverse research areas in psychological science. These new data suggest that the HiTOP system has the potential to accelerate and improve research on mental-health problems as well as efforts to more effectively assess, prevent, and treat mental illness.FSW – Publicaties zonder aanstelling Universiteit Leide

Особенности реализации международных правовых стандартов в области обеспечения охраны атмосферы, озонового слоя

Over the past centuries there has been a tremendous increase in the development of mankind in all spheres of economic activity. The current level of technological process development has a significant anthropogenic pressure on the environment. Of particular concern is the vigorous activity of subjects of international law, entities of national state formations (including legal entities and individuals) in the aggressive, irresponsible development of natural resources, which have suffered significant environmental damage in the last decade. At the same time, recognition of the value of human life cannot be carried out without recognition of the right of every person to a favorable environment. This right belongs to a person from the moment of his birth and this normative meaning applies to each individual. No one may be deprived of this right in accordance not only with acts of national law, but also in accordance with the provisions of international law, which are binding on subjects of international law.На протяжении последних веков наблюдается колоссальный рост развития человечества во всех сферах хозяйственной деятельности. Современный уровень развития технологического процесса несет существенную антропогенную нагрузку на окружающую среду. Особую озабоченность вызывает активная деятельность субъектов международного права, субъектов национальных государствообразований (юридических и физических лиц в том числе) по агрессивному, безответственному освоению природных ресурсов, которым в последнее десятилетие наносится существенный экологический вред. В то же время, признание ценности человеческой жизни не может осуществляться без признания права каждого человека на благоприятную окружающую среду. Данное право принадлежит человеку с момента его рождения и этот нормативный смысл относится к каждому индивиду. Никто не может быть лишен данного права в соответствии не только с актами национального права, но и в соответствии со положениями международного права, носящими обязательный характер для субъектов международного права