9 research outputs found
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Review of TREAT experiments in support of Transient Overpower (TOP) analysis for fast reactor safety
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New radiation hodoscope developments for Arms Control Treaty verification
New developments in hodoscope radiation detection technology offer a wide range of unique capabilities for arms control treaty verification (ACTV) applications. Originally developed for civilian nuclear power research by Argonne National Laboratory, this concept uses an array of radiation detectors to image or detect objects inside opaque containments. Hodoscope systems may detect neutrons and/or gamma-rays. The systems may be based on transmission of radiation through the objects; may detect radiation stimulated in the objects, or may detect intrinsic object radiation. ACTV hodoscopes do not require the high-speed data acquisition systems or the heavy shielding and collimation of reactor hodoscopes, and relatively weak radiation sources are sufficient. We have performed laboratory measurements to demonstrate a range of potential applications. Gamma-ray transmission hodoscopes can be used to inspect canisters, rail cars, etc. to monitor objects such as rocket motors. The use of relatively weak radiation sources makes it unnecessary to employ expensive and high-intensity accelerators. The heavy metal of nuclear warheads is characterized by strong gamma-ray absorption, and these materials could be counted by low-resolution tomography. Absorbers located in line with objects will themselves be detected, and sources located in the object region will be subtracted out as background. Intrinsic gamma-ray radiation from warheads also can be detected in a passive-instrument mode. Neutron hodoscopes can utilize neutron transmission, intrinsic neutron emission, or neutron-producing reactions (either prompt or delayed) stimulated by a neutron source. Monitoring of rocket motors enclosed in canisters/rail cars is the focus of the most recent ACTV hodoscope research and development activities. 3 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs
Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer Disease: Multitargeting Strategy based on Anti-Alzheimer's Drugs Repositioning
International audienceIn the brain, acetylcholine (ACh) is regarded as one of the major neurotransmitters. During the advancement of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cholinergic deficits occur and this can lead to extensive cognitive dysfunction and decline. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) remains a highly feasible target for the symptomatic improvement of AD. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) remains a highly viable target for the symptomatic improvementin AD because cholinergic deficit is a consistent and early finding in AD. The treatment approach of inhibitingperipheral AChE for myasthenia gravis had effectively proven that AChE inhibition was a reachable therapeutictarget. Subsequently tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine were developed and approved for thesymptomatic treatment of AD. Since then, multiple cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) have been continued to bedeveloped. These include newer ChEIs, naturally derived ChEIs, hybrids, and synthetic analogues. In this paper,we summarize the different types of ChEIs which are under development and their respective mechanisms ofactions