2,114 research outputs found
B_K in Staggered Chiral Perturbation Theory
We calculate the kaon B-parameter, B_K, to next-to-leading order in staggered
chiral perturbation theory. We find expressions for partially quenched QCD with
three sea quarks, quenched QCD, and full QCD with m_u = m_d but not equal to
m_s. We extend the usual power counting to include the effects of using
perturbative (rather than non-perturbative) matching factors. Taste breaking
enters through the O(a^2) terms in the effective action, through O(a^2) terms
from the discretization of operators, and through the truncation of matching
factors. These effects cause mixing with several additional operators,
complicating the chiral and continuum extrapolations. In addition to the
staggered expressions, we present B_K at next-to-leading order in continuum
partially quenched chiral perturbation theory for N_f=3 sea quarks with m_u =
m_d but not equal to m_s.Comment: 56 pages, 3 figures (v3: Corrected normalization error in Eq.(4) and
subsequent equations; physics results unchanged. Version accepted to Phys.
Rev. D.
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The autoepitope of the 74-kD mitochondrial autoantigen of primary biliary cirrhosis corresponds to the functional site of dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase.
Autoantibodies to mitochondrial antigens are characteristic of the autoimmune liver disease primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), but the precise antigenic determinants recognized by these antibodies have not been defined. Recently, our laboratory identified a 1,370-bp rat liver cDNA clone that coded for a polypeptide recognized specifically by sera from patients with PBC but not by sera from patients with other forms of liver disease. This recombinant protein was identified as the 74-kD M2 mitochondrial inner membrane autoantigen, now known to be dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase. In the present study, we have identified a 603-bp fragment that codes for a polypeptide containing all of the autoreactivity of the original clone. In addition, based on hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity plots of the amino acid sequence of this polypeptide segment, several peptides were synthesized and tested for reactivity by an inhibition assay using sera from patients with PBC. One peptide, defined by the amino acids AEIETDKATIGFEVQEEGYL, absorbed serum reactivity to the protein product of the original clone. Of particular interest was the finding that this peptide contains the lipoic acid binding site KATIGF of the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Thus, it appears that for this autoantigen, the target of the autoantibodies corresponds to a functional site of the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase
Turbulence of a free surface
We study the free surface of a turbulent channel flow, in particular, the relation between the statistical properties of the wrinkled surface and those of the velocity field beneath it. For an irregular flow shed off a vertical cylinder, surface indentations are strongly correlated with vortices in the subsurface flow. For fully developed turbulence this correlation is dramatically reduced. This is because the large eddies excite random capillary-gravity waves that travel in all directions across the surface. Both their predominant wavelength and their anisotropy are determined by the subsurface turbulence
The hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to from full lattice QCD
We determine the contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon
from the hadronic vacuum polarization diagram using
full lattice QCD and including quarks with physical masses for the first
time. We use gluon field configurations that include , , and
quarks in the sea at multiple values of the lattice spacing, multiple
masses and multiple volumes that allow us to include an analysis of
finite-volume effects. We obtain a result for of
, where the first error is from the lattice calculation and the
second includes systematic errors from missing QED and isospin-breaking effects
and from quark-line disconnected diagrams. Our result implies a discrepancy
between the experimental determination of and the Standard Model of
3.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures. Discussion of method extended with additional
tests and figures added. Typographical errors correcte
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The CHARGE study: an epidemiologic investigation of genetic and environmental factors contributing to autism.
Causes and contributing factors for autism are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that prevalence is rising, but the extent to which diagnostic changes and improvements in ascertainment contribute to this increase is unclear. Both genetic and environmental factors are likely to contribute etiologically. Evidence from twin, family, and genetic studies supports a role for an inherited predisposition to the development of autism. Nonetheless, clinical, neuroanatomic, neurophysiologic, and epidemiologic studies suggest that gene penetrance and expression may be influenced, in some cases strongly, by the prenatal and early postnatal environmental milieu. Sporadic studies link autism to xenobiotic chemicals and/or viruses, but few methodologically rigorous investigations have been undertaken. In light of major gaps in understanding of autism, a large case-control investigation of underlying environmental and genetic causes for autism and triggers of regression has been launched. The CHARGE (Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment) study will address a wide spectrum of chemical and biologic exposures, susceptibility factors, and their interactions. Phenotypic variation among children with autism will be explored, as will similarities and differences with developmental delay. The CHARGE study infrastructure includes detailed developmental assessments, medical information, questionnaire data, and biologic specimens. The CHARGE study is linked to University of California-Davis Center for Children's Environmental Health laboratories in immunology, xenobiotic measurement, cell signaling, genomics, and proteomics. The goals, study design, and data collection protocols are described, as well as preliminary demographic data on study participants and on diagnoses of those recruited through the California Department of Developmental Services Regional Center System
Workers’ compensation claims for occupational tuberculosis in South African health workers: Outcomes and workers’ experiences
Background. Given the elevated risk of tuberculosis (TB), including drug-resistant disease, experienced by health workers in South Africa (SA), effective workers’ compensation for occupational TB is a legal right and an essential social benefit.Objectives. To investigate the experience of the workers’ compensation system among health workers who suffered from TB while working in public service facilities in Western Cape Province, SA.Methods. In this case series with a qualitative component, 300 claims for occupational TB in health workers were sampled from the provincial health department database of claims submitted. Claim status for each case was ascertained. An attempt was made to contact each health worker for a telephonic interview consisting of both closed- and open-ended (qualitative) questions. Fifty-one interviews were completed.Results. In nearly half of the cases, there was no record of claim status on the state Compensation Fund website. Of the 51 interviewees, only one had received all the compensation benefits for their particular claim circumstances. Health workers’ experience of having their cases reported for compensation purposes was marred by perception of poor communication and administration. The experience of contracting TB was further characterised by surprise, perceptions of stigma, financial burden and ongoing ill-health.Conclusions. Affected health workers’ experience of the workers’ compensation system was mostly negative, adding to the burden of being ill with TB. Education of management and clinicians, improvement in communication, and timeous and regular checking of claim status and of payment of applicable compensation are required at the provincial level. Dedicated facility-based occupational health units are needed, with a staff complement of knowledgeable persons trusted by their colleagues. However, the effectiveness of the system is ultimately dependent on the ability of the Compensation Fund to register and display claims timeously and administer compensation expeditiously.
Taste violations in the scalar correlator in mixed action simulations
We study the behavior of the isovector scalar correlator, which is particularly sensitive to lattice artifacts, using domain-wall valence quarks on a staggered sea (generated by the MILC collaboration). We analyze this according to the prediction from chiral perturbation theory determined by Prelovsek, which indicates that the leading unitarity violations come from taste breaking effects. We show that our data behaves in the way predicted by Prelovsek, thus verifying that the largest contribution to the violations of unitarity which arise at finite lattice spacing can be described by the mixed-action chiral perturbation theory
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