666 research outputs found

    Alloying of Surface Layers of the Fuel Claddings from Sponge Based E110 Alloy to Increase High Temperature Oxidation Resistance

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    The results of experiments of parts of cladding tubes from sponge based zirconium E110 alloy near-surface layers doping by means of ion-plasma technologies are presented in this paper. Alloying of material by method of pre-deposited Fe, Y, Mo, Al, Mg, Cr films ion mixing is performed on installation ILUR-03 by means of radialAr+ion beam 3-4 keV average energy. State of modified material layer and oxides, grown on the modified samples in argon-water steam mixture at 1200 ∘C studied by scanning electron and ion microscopy methods, X-ray analysis and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. It is shown that treating modes defined contribute to the barrier for oxygen penetration and material oxidation formation near ion-doped surface

    Senescence can play an essential role in modelling and estimation of vector based epidemiological indicators: demographical approach

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    In the paper basic epidemiological indicators, produced by an aging population of vectors, are calculated. In the study we follow two lines: calculations for demographically structured population and individual life-history approach. We discuss the advantages and limitations of these approaches and compare the results of our calculations with epidemiological indicators obtained for non-aging population of vectors.Gibraltar, age effect, disease control, gerontology

    Report on Tests and Measurements of Hadronic Interaction Properties with Air Showers

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    We present a summary of recent tests and measurements of hadronic interaction properties with air showers. This report has a special focus on muon density measurements. Several experiments reported deviations between simulated and recorded muon densities in extensive air showers, while others reported no discrepancies. We combine data from eight leading air shower experiments to cover shower energies from PeV to tens of EeV. Data are combined using the z-scale, a unified reference scale based on simulated air showers. Energy-scales of experiments are cross-calibrated. Above 10 PeV, we find a muon deficit in simulated air showers for each of the six considered hadronic interaction models. The deficit is increasing with shower energy. For the models EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04, the slope is found significant at 8 sigma.Comment: Submitted to the Proceedings of UHECR201
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