20 research outputs found
Electrons in High-Tc Compounds: Ab-Initio Correlation Results
Electronic correlations in the ground state of an idealized infinite-layer
high-Tc compound are computed using the ab-initio method of local ansatz.
Comparisons are made with the local-density approximation (LDA) results, and
the correlation functions are analyzed in detail. These correlation functions
are used to determine the effective atomic-interaction parameters for model
Hamiltonians. On the resulting model, doping dependencies of the relevant
correlations are investigated. Aside from the expected strong atomic
correlations, particular spin correlations arise. The dominating contribution
is a strong nearest neighbor correlation that is Stoner-enhanced due to the
closeness of the ground state to the magnetic phase. This feature depends
moderately on doping, and is absent in a single-band Hubbard model. Our
calculated spin correlation function is in good qualitative agreement with that
determined from the neutron scattering experiments for a metal.Comment: 21pp, 5fig, Phys. Rev. B (Oct. 98
Piezoelectric dispenser based on a piezoelectric-metal-cavity actuator
A piezoelectric dispenser has been fabricated based on the idea of a piezoelectric-metal-cavity (PMC) actuator. The PMC actuator consists of a metal ring sandwiched between two identical piezoelectric unimorphs. The radial contraction of the piezoelectric ceramic is converted into a flextensional motion of the unimorph, causing a large flexural displacement in the center part of the actuator. With the PMC actuator as a fluid chamber, the large flexural actuation can be used to produce the displacement needed to eject fluid. By applying an appropriate voltage to the piezoelectric unimorphs, a drop-on-demand ejection of ink or water can be achieved. The efficiency of fluid ejection can be enhanced after installing a valve in the fluid chamber. With the simple PMC structure, the dispenser can be operated with a low driving voltage of 12–15 V.Department of Applied PhysicsMaterials Research CentreAuthor name used in this publication: K. H. LamAuthor name used in this publication: C. L. SunAuthor name used in this publication: K. W. KwokAuthor name used in this publication: H. L. W. Cha
Aggressive juvenile fibromatosis of the paranasal sinuses: case report and brief review
Desmoid fibromatoses are benign, slow growing fibroblastic neoplasms, arising from musculoaponeurotic stromal elements. Desmoids are characterized by local invasion, with a high rate of local recurrence and a tendency to destroy adjacent structures and organs. Desmoid fibromatoses are rare in children, and though they may occur in the head and neck region, are extremely rare in the paranasal sinuses. Here we report a case of extraabdominal desmoid fibromatosis in a seven-year-old boy involving the sphenoid sinus, one of only six published reports of desmoid fibromatosis of the paranasal sinuses. The expansile soft tissue mass eroded the walls of the sphenoid sinus as well as the posterior ethmoid air cells extending cephalad through the base of the skull. We discuss the clinicopathologic features of this lesion, including structural and ultrastructural characteristics, and we review the literature regarding treatment and outcome
Observing many researchers using the same data and hypothesis reveals a hidden universe of uncertainty
This study explores how researchers’ analytical choices affect the reliability of scientific findings. Most discussions of reliability problems in science focus on systematic biases. We broaden the lens to emphasize the idiosyncrasy of conscious and unconscious decisions that researchers make during data analysis. We coordinated 161 researchers in 73 research teams and observed their research decisions as they used the same data to independently test the same prominent social science hypothesis: that greater immigration reduces support for social policies among the public. In this typical case of social science research, research teams reported both widely diverging numerical findings and substantive conclusions despite identical start conditions. Researchers’ expertise, prior beliefs, and expectations barely predict the wide variation in research outcomes. More than 95% of the total variance in numerical results remains unexplained even after qualitative coding of all identifiable decisions in each team’s workflow. This reveals a universe of uncertainty that remains hidden when considering a single study in isolation. The idiosyncratic nature of how researchers’ results and conclusions varied is a previously underappreciated explanation for why many scientific hypotheses remain contested. These results call for greater epistemic humility and clarity in reporting scientific findings
High-resolution imaging of ion conductivity of Nafion membranes with electrochemical atomic force microscopy
Conductive electrochemical AFM images demonstrating the complex nature and structure of Nafion
surface conductivity are presented. Nanoscale regions with high currents determining the overall total
membrane current can be distinguished frommajority domains with lower currents and non-conductive
areas. The different conductive domains form ordered structures and showa specific dynamic behaviour.
These observations were compared to the structural and electrical models in the literature. None of the
models is able to explain all aspects of the current images. The existence of inverted micelles seems to
be quite probable since the formation of agglomerates like chains and larger ordered clusters is clearly
visible. This aspect is best described by the model of Schmidt-Rohr and Chen. In addition, the highly
dynamic behaviour and distribution of conductive channels of Nafion leading to the formation of new
current pathways also indicates the formation of different meso-phases with a high local fluctuation rate.
The other discussed models also predict structural features which are in agreement with our observations
like the formation of super-structures and agglomeration of fibers.
The structural characterisation reflects the situation at or near the membrane surface and might differ
from the bulk structure since the surface energy may have a large influence on the formation of structures
during the membrane solidification process. The quite large dynamics of conductivity changes of Nafion
reflected in the formation of newcurrent pathways even at roomtemperature leads to the assumption that
the internal structure of Nafion is subject to significant changes due to humidity and temperature variations.
The local variation of individual structures may reflect the variation of concentration of hydrophilic
and hydrophobic groups during membrane solidification. The minimization of surface free energy during
a self-assembling process is essential for the formation of different phases and subsequent structures like
chains, etc. as well as higher order clustering
Synergistic combination of calcium and citrate in mesoporous nanoparticles targets pleural tumors.
Conventional chemotherapy leads to severe adverse effects since it involves systemic administration of toxic drugs at high dosage. Unlike traditional chemotherapeutics, calcium phosphate and citrate have both been discussed as very promising anticancer agents and are not inherently toxic. Yet, their breakthrough has been hampered by the lack of an administration approach that overcomes the strict regulatory mechanisms of the cell. Here, we present a combinatorial administration of calcium, phosphate, and citrate as colloidal, amorphous nanoparticles (CPCs) that selectively kill cancer cells without involvement of inherently toxic drugs. The particles are toxic neither before endosomal release nor after their degradation. This highly selective toxicity allowed us to successfully treat two different aggressive pleural tumors in mice, reducing their size by about 40% and 70% after only two local applications. Safety assessment studies over 2 months show no signs of adverse effects except for slightly enhanced pleural thickening after eight applications