433 research outputs found
Sufficientarianism
Sufficientarianism is a prominent approach to distributive justice in political philosophy and in policy analyses. However, it is virtually absent from the formal normative economics literature. We analyze sufficientarianism axiomatically in the
context of the allocation of 0â1 normalized well-being in society. We present three
characterizations of the core sufficientarian criterion, which counts the number of
agents who attain a âgood enoughâ level of well-being. The main characterization
captures the âhybridâ nature of the criterion, which embodies at the same time
a threshold around which the worst off in society is prioritized, and an indifference to equality in other regions. The other two characterizations relate sufficientarianism, respectively, to a liberal principle of noninterference and to a classic
neutrality property
LIBERAL EGALITARIANISM AND THE HARM PRINCIPLE
We analyse the implications of classical liberal and libertarian approaches for distributive justice
in the context of social welfare orderings. We study an axiom capturing a liberal non-interfering
view of society, Weak Harm Principle, whose roots can be traced back to John Stuart Mill. We
show that liberal views of individual autonomy and freedom can provide consistent foundations
for welfare judgements. In particular, a liberal non-interfering approach can help to adjudicate
some fundamental distributive issues relative to intergenerational justice. However, a strong
relation is established between liberal views of individual autonomy and non-interference, and
egalitarian principles in the Rawlsian tradition
The Hi-GAL compact source catalogue â I. The physical properties of the clumps in the inner Galaxy (â71â.0 < â < 67â0)
Hi-GAL (Herschel InfraRed Galactic Plane Survey) is a large-scale survey of the Galactic plane, performed with Herschel in five infrared continuum bands between 70 and 500 ÎŒm. We present a band-merged catalogue of spatially matched sources and their properties derived from fits to the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and heliocentric distances, based on the photometric catalogues presented in Molinari et al., covering the portion of Galactic plane â71â.0 < â < 67â.0. The band-merged catalogue contains 100 922 sources with a regular SED, 24â584 of which show a 70-ÎŒm counterpart and are thus considered protostellar, while the remainder are considered starless. Thanks to this huge number of sources, we are able to carry out a preliminary analysis of early stages of star formation, identifying the conditions that characterize different evolutionary phases on a statistically significant basis. We calculate surface densities to investigate the gravitational stability of clumps and their potential to form massive stars. We also explore evolutionary status metrics such as the dust temperature, luminosity and bolometric temperature, finding that these are higher in protostellar sources compared to pre-stellar ones. The surface density of sources follows an increasing trend as they evolve from pre-stellar to protostellar, but then it is found to decrease again in the majority of the most evolved clumps. Finally, we study the physical parameters of sources with respect to Galactic longitude and the association with spiral arms, finding only minor or no differences between the average evolutionary status of sources in the fourth and first Galactic quadrants, or between âon-armâ and âinterarmâ positions
One million miles to go: taking the axiomatic road to de ning exploitation
This paper analyses the Marxian theory of exploitation. The axiomatic approach standard in social choice theory is adopted in order to study the concept of exploitationâwhat it is and how it should be captured empirically. Two properties are presented that capture some fundamental Marxian insights. It is shown that, contrary to the received view, there exists a nonempty class of definitions of exploitation that preserve the relation between exploitation and profitsâcalled Profit-Exploitation Correspondence Principleâin general economies with heterogeneous agents, complex class structures, and production technologies with heterogeneous labour inputs. However, among the main approaches, only the so-called âNew Interpretationâ satisfies the Profit-Exploitation Correspondence Principle in general
Spitzer And Herschel Multiwavelength Characterization Of The Dust Content Of Evolved H Ii Regions
We have analyzed a uniform sample of 16 evolved H II regions located in a 2 Degree-Sign Multiplication-Sign 2 Degree-Sign Galactic field centered at (l,b) = (30 Degree-Sign , 0 Degree-Sign ) and observed as part of the Herschel Hi-GAL survey. The evolutionary stage of these H II regions was established using ancillary radio-continuum data. By combining Hi-GAL PACS (70 {mu}m, 160 {mu}m) and SPIRE (250 {mu}m, 350 {mu}m, and 500 {mu}m) measurements with MIPSGAL 24 {mu}m data, we built spectral energy distributions of the sources and showed that a two-component gray-body model is a good representation of the data. In particular, wavelengths \u3e70 {mu}m appear to trace a cold dust component, for which we estimated an equilibrium temperature of the big grains (BGs) in the range 20-30 K, while for {lambda} \u3c 70 {mu}m, the data indicate the presence of a warm dust component at temperatures of the order of 50-90 K. This analysis also revealed that dust is present in the interior of H II regions, although likely not in a large amount. In addition, the data seem to corroborate the hypothesis that the main mechanism responsible for the (partial) depletion of dust in H II regions ismore » radiation-pressure-driven drift. In this framework, we speculated that the 24 {mu}m emission that spatially correlates with ionized gas might be associated with either very small grain or BG replenishment, as recently proposed for the case of wind-blown bubbles. Finally, we found that evolved H II regions are characterized by distinctive far-IR and submillimeter colors, which can be used as diagnostics for their identification in unresolved Galactic and extragalactic regions.« les
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