Group Key Management Techniques

The most widely used technique in a network is Group communication. This helps in the reduction of the bandwidth usage. The major concern in group communication is its security of messages. Group key provides security of messages and hence proper group key management is very important in a group communication. There are various classifications of group key management techniques. A survey of these key management techniques is done in this paper

Documentation of fungal endophytes of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and their seed transmission studies

The present study envisaged to document the endophytic fungal association with black pepper through a series of in vitro and in planta investigations. Black pepper was found to harbour endophytic fungal flora belonging to the genera Alternaria, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Chaetomium, Curvularia, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Humicola, Paecilomyces, Rhizoctonia, Phoma and non-sporulating forms. Further, it was found that the endocarp of black pepper seed is free from culturable endophytic fungi. This was evident from the absence of culturable fungi in in vitro grown black pepper seedlings. The growth of fungi from the seedlings grown under green house conditions reveal that the fungal endophytes establish from fungal propagules falling on the (test) plants that may enter the plant tissues as back ground inoculum and grow as endophyte. This was also supported by the study that the type of endophytic fungi that harbour black pepper plants varied with geographical locations from where the samples were collected

Effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge regarding management of minor ailments during pregnancy among primi mothers attending primary health centre in Samayanallur at Madurai

Title: Effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge regarding management of minor ailments during pregnancy among primi mothers attending Primary Health Centre in Samayanallur at Madurai. Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge regarding management of minor ailments during pregnancy among primi mothers.To evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching regarding management of minor ailments during pregnancy among primi mothers.Hypotheses:There is a significant difference between the pretest and post test level of knowledge regarding management of minor ailments during pregnancy among primi mothers. There is a significant association between level of knowledge regarding management of minor ailments during pregnancy among primi mothers with selected demographic variables. Conceptual framework: Daniel.L.Stuffle Beam’s Modified CIPP Model. Methodology: Quantitative approach, Pre experimental- One group pretest posttest design. The study was conducted in Primary Health Centre, Samayanallur. 60 primi mothers selected by consecutive sampling technique was given pretest by using Structured knowledge questionnaire. Video assisted teaching regarding management of minor ailments during pregnancy was given for 20 minute in morning for four consecutive days. Posttest conducted on eighth day after the end of last session. Results: The findings revealed that the mean pretest level of knowledge increased from 7.87 to 24.43.The obtained‘t’ value was 35.14(p<0.0001).There was a significant association between level of knowledge with demographic variables such as age and educational status. The study concluded that video assisted teaching was effective in increasing the knowledge of primi mothers regarding management of minor ailments during pregnancy

Association of PPARα Intron 7 Polymorphism with Coronary Artery Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

The allelic variants of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) can influence the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) by virtue of its effect on lipid metabolism. However, the role of PPARα intronic polymorphism with CAD has received little attention. The association of allelic variants G/C at intron 7 of the PPAR-alpha gene with CAD was examined in a hospital-based Indian population. PPAR genotyping was performed in 110 male patients with CAD and 120 age and ethnically matched healthy males by PCR amplification of the gene followed by restriction digestion. Presence of C allele showed a positive association with CAD (OR = 2.9; 95% CI [1.65–4.145]; P = .009) and also with dyslipidaemia (OR = 2.95, 95% CI (1.5–4.39); P < .05). Impaired lipid metabolism in carriers of the PPARα Intron 7C allele is possibly responsible for the predilection to CAD

Mifepristone Plus Vaginal Misoprostol V/S Vaginal Misoprostol Alone for Medical Termination of Pregnancy

Medical abortion has been investigated as a non-invasive option for early abortions as it avoids the risk of anesthesia and surgical trauma to the cervix, uterus and other organs. The main aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of abortion using the drugs mifepristone and vaginal misprostol V/s misoprostol alone. A randomized control study was done in 100 women who came for termination of pregnancy up to 63 days in family planning unit at Government Medical College Hospital, Kottayam, India for one year period. The mean age of the study group was 25.4 years of age. Complete abortion occurred in 94% with Mifepristone and Misiopristol regime (Group A) and 86% of Misoprostol alone regimn(Goup B). There was a 100% complete abortion rate with mifepristone and misoprostol in POGs up to 49 days. Complete abortion showed better compliance with Misoprolstol alone regimn in Primigravida (100%) and, Mefepristone and Misoprostol regime with multigravida (97%). The mean period of bleeding was 5.7 in Group A and 7.6 in Group B. Mifepristone and Misiopristol regime showed better outcome than Misoprostol alone for medical termination of pregnancy till first 9 weeks of gestatio

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON ACCEPTANCE AND POST-VACCINATION SYMPTOMS OF COVID-19 VACCINATION IN INDIA

Objectives: The fastidious development of the COVID-19 vaccine is a vital achievement for the country and early data suggest that it is both safe and efficacious, however, the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine is still a major concern as it depends on the individual decision and sociodemographic characteristics. The main objective of our study is to assess the vaccine acceptance among Indians and study about post-vaccination symptoms to identify potential concerns to be addressed to ensure vaccine safety. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted using Google Forms over a period of 1 week on the general population. Data were collected which included the questions regarding participant demographics, vaccination details, and their health status. Microsoft Excel was used for recording and analyzing the collected data. Results: Out of 1016 respondents, 52% were male and 47.6% were female. Most of the respondents perfectly accept the vaccine, 35.5% are neutral and 5.9% are unacceptable toward vaccination. Post the vaccination of both doses, the occurrence of fever and chills is more common in the case of the first dose, whereas rashes are more common in the second dose, muscle pain and joint pain are common in both doses. Conclusion: This community-based project on acceptance and post-vaccination symptoms of vaccination among Indians reveals that the majority of participants showed a positive acceptance rate toward the vaccination but most of them are worried about the risk of side effects. In regard to post-vaccination symptoms, mild fever and chills are the most common side effect in the case of the first dose of vaccination, whereas muscle/joint pain was seen commonly in both the first and second doses of vaccination

The persistence of equatorial spread F - an analysis on seasonal, solar activity and geomagnetic activity aspects

The persistence (duration) of Equatorial Spread F (ESF), which has significant impact on communication systems, is addressed. Its behavior during different seasons and geomagnetic activity levels under the solar maximum (2001) and minimum (2006) conditions, is reported using the data from the magnetic equatorial location of Trivandrum (8.5° N; 77° E; dip 0.5° N) in India. The study reveals that the persistence of the irregularities can be estimated to a reasonable extent by knowing the post sunset F region vertical drift velocity (Vz) and the magnetic activity index Kp. Any sort of advance information on the possible persistence of the ionospheric irregularities responsible for ESF is important for understanding the scintillation morphology, and the results which form the first step in this direction are presented and discussed