Geant4 Applications for Modeling Molecular Transport in Complex Vacuum Geometries

We discuss a novel use of the Geant4 simulation toolkit to model molecular transport in a vacuum environment, in the molecular flow regime. The Geant4 toolkit was originally developed by the high energy physics community to simulate the interactions of elementary particles within complex detector systems. Here its capabilities are utilized to model molecular vacuum transport in geometries where other techniques are impractical. The techniques are verified with an application representing a simple vacuum geometry that has been studied previously both analytically and by basic Monte Carlo simulation. We discuss the use of an application with a very complicated geometry, that of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope camera cryostat, to determine probabilities of transport of contaminant molecules to optical surfaces where control of contamination is crucial.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, to appear in IJMSSC, updated to accepted versio

A giant swelling over the upper limb

Although lipomas are common entity in the literature but giant lipoma is rare disease. We are reporting a case in an adult patient who presented with a huge swelling in the right arm. It was present over the lateral aspect of the upper limb. Surgical excision of the tumour was done. In follow – up of 9 months, patient isdoing well with all normal movements without any neurological deficient. Although, it is not the only case reported, giant lipoma of the upper limb is very uncommon. Keywords: Subcutaneous; Tumour; Lipoma; Ultrasonography; Surger

Evaluasi Penyusunan Laporan Laba Rugi dan Neraca Berdasarkan Sak Etap pada Pt.karunia Multiguna Abadi

Laporan keuangan merupakan suatu bentuk pertanggungjawaban pengelolaan Perusahaan oleh manajemen kepada pihak eksternal maupun internal. Standar Akuntansi Keuangan yang berlaku umum yang ada saat ini cukup menyulitkan para pelaku Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM).Maka dari itu IAI telah menerbitkan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan untuk Entitas Tanpa Akuntabilitas Publik (SAK ETAP). Standar Akuntasi Keuangan Entitas Tanpa Akuntabilitas Publik (SAK ETAP) hadir dengan tujuan untuk mengakomodir kebutuhan entitas yang tidak memiliki akuntabilitas publik signifikan dalam penyelenggaraan usahanya seperti UMKM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penerapan SAK ETAP pada penyajian laba rugi dan neraca pada PT. Karunia Multiguna Abadi. PT. Karunia Multiguna Abadi merupakan usaha kecil menengah yang bergerak di bidang distributor meubel. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif komparatif dengan sumber data primer dan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan penyajian laporan neraca dan laba rugi yang dibuat oleh PT.Karunia Multiguna Abadi pada bulan September tahun 2015 masih belum sesuai dengan kaidah SAK ETAP dan masih ada pengklasifikasian pos akun yang belum disajikan, hal tersebut dikarenakan terbatasnya pengetahuan dan sumber daya manusia yang dimiliki. Sebaiknya manajemen Perusahaan mempekerjakan karyawan yang terampil dalam bidang akuntansi, dan meningkatkan kesadaran akan pentingnya penggunaan laporan keuangan. Kata kunci: SAK ETAP, laporan keuanga

Intrinsic Brightness Temperatures of AGN Jets

We present a new method for studying the intrinsic brightness temperatures of the parsec-scale jet cores of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Our method uses observed superluminal motions and observed brightness temperatures for a large sample of AGN to constrain the characteristic intrinsic brightness temperature of the sample as a whole. To study changes in intrinsic brightness temperature, we assume that the Doppler factors of individual jets are constant in time as justified by their relatively small changes in observed flux density. We find that in their median-low brightness temperature state, the sources in our sample have a narrow range of intrinsic brightness temperatures centered on a characteristic temperature, T_int = 3 x 10^10 K, which is close to the value expected for equipartition, when the energy in the radiating particles equals the energy stored in the magnetic fields. However, in their maximum brightness state, we find that sources in our sample have a characteristic intrinsic brightness temperature greater than 2 x 10^11 K, which is well in excess of the equipartition temperature. In this state, we estimate the energy in radiating particles exceeds the energy in the magnetic field by a factor of ~ 10^5. We suggest that the excess of particle energy when sources are in their maximum brightness state is due to injection or acceleration of particles at the base of the jet. Our results suggest that the common method of estimating jet Doppler factors by using a single measurement of observed brightness temperature and/or the assumption of equipartition may lead to large scatter or systematic errors in the derived values.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, Accepted to Appear in ApJ Letter

IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM PENGAMANAN OBYEK VITAL TERTENTU DI WILAYAH KOTA PALU PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH

This study aims to understand and find out how the implementation of policies related to the implementation of securing certain vital objects in the Palu City region of Central Sulawesi Province, this is carried out by the Directorate of Security of the Central Sulawesi Regional Police based on applicable provisions in the National Police, among others: security assistance on National Vital Objects and Certain Vital Objects. This study analyzes 4 (four) factors that influence policy implementation according to the theory of George C. Edward III, namely: Communication, Resources, Disposition, and Bureaucratic Structure. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, then as a source of information in the research process as many as 6 ( six ) related people. The results showed that in the implementation of security certain vital objects in the area of Palu City Central Sulawesi Province were still found several obstacles that hindered the process of implementing the policy in accordance with the theory of Edward III, especially communication problems between the two parties have not been fully developed, security personnel resources both police and units internal security is still not evenly distributed so that it influences the performance in the field