Local Hidden Variable Theoretic Measure of Quantumness of Mutual Information

Entanglement, a manifestation of quantumness of correlations between the observables of the subsystems of a composite system, and the quantumness of their mutual information are widely studied characteristics of a system of spin-1/2 particles. The concept of quantumness of correlations between the observables of a system is based on incommensurability of the correlations with the predictions of some local hidden variable (LHV) theory. However, the concept of quantumness of mutual information does not invoke the LHV theory explicitly. In this paper, by invoking explicitly the local hidden variable theory, a measure of quantumness of mutual information, $Q_{LHV}$, for a system of two spin-1/2 particles is proposed. It is based on finding the difference between the quantum and classical mutual informations in which the classical mutual information corresponds to the joint probability of the eigenvalues of the spins each along a specified direction. The proposed measure circumvents the need of optimization when the Bloch vector of each spin is non-zero; the optimization is needed but can be performed analytically exactly when the Bloch vector of each spin vanishes and is simplified when the Bloch vector of only one of the spins is zero. In essence, the proposed measure is identical with the measurement induced disturbance when the Bloch vector of each of the spins is non-zero. However, whereas the measurement induced disturbance is non-unique when the Bloch vector of one or both the spins is zero, the proposed measure even then determines the quantumness of mutual information unambiguously. The $Q_{LHV}$ is identical with the symmetric discord if the Bloch vector of each spin vanishes. It is same as the quantum discord if the Bloch vector of only one spin is zero and if the state in question possesses certain additional properties.Comment: 12 page

Study of non-equilibrium effects and thermal properties of heavy ion collisions using a covariant approach

Non-equilibrium effects are studied using a full Lorentz-invariant formalism. Our analysis shows that in reactions considered here, no global or local equilibrium is reached. The heavier masses are found to be equilibrated more than the lighter systems. The local temperature is extracted using hot Thomas Fermi formalism generalized for the case of two interpenetrating pieces of nuclear matter. The temperature is found to vary linearly with bombarding energy and impact parameter whereas it is nearly independent of the mass of the colliding nuclei. This indicates that the study of temperature with medium size nuclei is also reliable. The maximum temperatures obtained in our approach are in a nice agreement with earlier calculations of other approaches. A simple parametrization of maximal temperature as a function of the bombarding energy is also given.Comment: LaTex-file, 17 pages, 8 figures (available upon request), Journal of Physics G20 (1994) 181

Nuclear Dynamics at the Balance Energy

We study the mass dependence of various quantities (like the average and maximum density, collision rate, participant-spectator matter, temperature as well as time zones for higher density) by simulating the reactions at the energy of vanishing flow. This study is carried out within the framework of Quantum Molecular Dynamics model. Our findings clearly indicate an existence of a power law in all the above quantities calculated at the balance energy. The only significant mass dependence was obtained for the temperature reached in the central sphere. All other quantities are rather either insensitive or depend weakly on the system size at balance energy. The time zone for higher density as well as the time of maximal density and collision rate follow a power law inverse to the energy of vanishing flow.Comment: 9 figures, Submitted to Phys. Rev.

Dynamical Casimir Effect in two-atom cavity QED

We study analytically and numerically the dynamical Casimir effect in a cavity containing two stationary 2-level atoms that interact with the resonance field mode via the Tavis-Cummings Hamiltonian. We determine the modulation frequencies for which the field and atomic excitations are generated and study the corresponding dynamical behaviors in the absence of damping. It is shown that the two-atom setup allows for monitoring of photon generation without interrupting the growth, and different entangled states can be generated during the process.Comment: 4+ pages, 2 figure

Domain Growth in Random Magnets

We study the kinetics of domain growth in ferromagnets with random exchange interactions. We present detailed Monte Carlo results for the nonconserved random-bond Ising model, which are consistent with power-law growth with a variable exponent. These results are interpreted in the context of disorder barriers with a logarithmic dependence on the domain size. Further, we clarify the implications of logarithmic barriers for both nonconserved and conserved domain growth.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Investigating the ‘mission and profit’ paradox: Case study of an ecopreneurial organisation in India

Based on a case study of a waste management services provider in India, this paper sets out to investigate how an ecopreneurial organisation balances the competing demands of environmental mission and profit generation. Results indicate that two internal organisational mechanisms, namely Leadership, and Organisational Processes, are instrumental in achieving the dual goals. The paper highlights the role of contextual factors in supporting such organisations, and in doing so, it responds to the call for research to examine social entrepreneurship in wider contexts including Asia, Latin America, and Africa, to address ‘marginalisation’ of studies in the field

Scaling Behavior of Response Functions in the Coarsening Dynamics of Disordered Ferromagnets

We study coarsening dynamics in the ferromagnetic random bond Ising model in d = 1; 2. We focus on the validity of super-universality and the scaling properties of the response functions. In the d = 1 case, we obtain a complete understanding of the evolution, from pre- asymptotic to asymptotic behavior. The corresponding response function shows a clear violation of super-universality. Further, our results for d = 1; 2 settle the controversy regarding the decay exponent which characterizes the response function

The multifragmentation of spectator matter

We present the first microscopic calculation of the spectator fragmentation observed in heavy ion reactions at relativistic energies which reproduces the slope of the kinetic energy spectra of the fragments as well as their multiplicity, both measured by the ALADIN collaboration. In the past both have been explained in thermal models, however with vastly different assumptions about the excitation energy and the density of the system. We show that both observables are dominated by dynamical processes and that the system does not pass a state of thermal equilibrium. These findings question the recent conjecture that in these collisions a phase transition of first order, similar to that between water and vapor, can be observed.Comment: 7 page