SI DOEL (Donat Tiwoel): Inovasi Pengenalan dan Pengembangan Tiwul sebagai Makanan Pokok Khas YOGYAKARTA

The doel (Doenat Tiwoel) is a Tiwul processed products innovation in the form of donuts with different flavors at a price of Rp2000.00. Tiwul was chosen as the raw material because it has a higher carbohydrate content than rice, and safe for people with diabetes (Verawati and friends, 2011). Unfortunately Tiwul still not well liked by the society, where Tiwul is currently hard to find. Therefore, the Doel will introduce back Tiwul to the society. Si Doel production process consists of three phases: preparation, sales, and evaluation of the certification. The Doel products is packaged in plastic wrap and also attached a gold laced and a paper filled with the brand, Tiwul facts, and the number of calories in order to attract Doel and can educate consumers. The distribution of Doel is small shops, campus cafeteria, and special ordering from students and public consumers.This business will continue, for proof, in August , Doel has made an agreement with the owner of food carts and food shops

Correlation between human neutrophil peptide 1–3 secretion andazurophilic granule (CD63) expression in early childhood caries

Background: In saliva, neutrophil constitutes the most prominent first‑line defense of immune cells against pathogenic microbes. The importance of neutrophils to the host immune systems of neutropenic or patients disabled with regard to their neutrophil function results in a tendency toward serious infections, such as early childhood caries (ECC). The cytoplasmic granules present in neutrophils play a major role in neutrophil‑mediated inflammation. Azurophilic granules contain antimicrobial proteins, such as defensin, a human antimicrobial peptide (HNP 1–3). The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation of HNP 1–3 secretion with CD63 expression on the surface of salivary neutrophils. Materials and Methods: This study constituted a cross‑sectional, analytical observational study. Saliva taken from preschoolchildren between the ages of 4–6 years who had been divided into two groups, i.e., early childhood caries group with decayed, extracted, filled teeth (def‑t) index >6 and caries free with def‑t = 0, was subjected to a HNP 1–3 secretion test using ELISA assay and an expression test for CD63 by means of a flow cytometry test. The results obtained were analyzed using independent t‑test and Pearson correlation (P < 0.05). Results: The secretion of HNP 1–3 in the saliva of ECC was higher (172.6 ± 41.64) compared to that of caries‑free cases (140.39 ± 31.91), whereas the level of CD63 salivary expression in ECC was lower (2.32 ± 0.57) than in the presence of caries (2.67 ± 0.46). Conclusion: In ECC cases, saliva increases HNP 1–3 secretion but decreases CD63 expression on the surface of salivary neutrophils