Modified 2D Proca Theory: Revisited Under BRST and (Anti-)Chiral Superfield Formalisms

Within the framework of Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) approach, we discuss mainly the fermionic (i.e. off-shell nilpotent) (anti-)BRST, (anti-)co-BRST and some discrete dual-symmetries of the appropriate Lagrangian densities for a two (1+1)-dimensional (2D) modified Proca (i.e. a massive Abelian 1-form) theory without any interaction with matter fields. One of the novel observations of our present investigation is the existence of some kinds of restrictions in the case of our present St\"{u}ckelberg-modified version of the 2D Proca theory which is not like the standard Curci-Ferrari (CF)-condition of a non-Abelian 1-form gauge theory. Some kinds of similarities and a few differences between them have been pointed out in our present investigation. To establish the sanctity of the above off-shell nilpotent (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST symmetries, we derive them by using our newly proposed (anti-)chiral superfield formalism where a few specific and appropriate sets of invariant quantities play a decisive role. We express the (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST conserved charges in terms of the superfields that are obtained after the applications of (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST invariant restrictions and prove their off-shell nilpotency and absolute anticommutativity properties, too. Finally, we make some comments on (i) the novelty of our restrictions/obstructions, and (ii) the physics behind the negative kinetic term associated with the pseudo-scalar field of our present theory.Comment: LaTeX file, 58 pages, Journal reference give

Recent trends in Molecular Imaging : PET/CT in Neurology

PET/CT is an important molecular imaging technique for the assessment ofneurological disorders. The most widely used radiopharmaceutical for both clinical and research purposes is [18F] 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). It is extensively used owing to its favourable physical characteristics. It enables depiction of cerebral glucose metabolism, and has thus been used to study various pathological states. Despite this, FDG has its own limitations. This is owing to its limited specificity and high cortical uptake. This has paved the way for the development of several non-FDG PET radiopharmaceuticals. We present the insights gained at our institution, using these radiotracers in the assessment of neurological disease. Our study shows that the use of FDG and non-FDG novel PET radiopharmaceuticals facilitates the early diagnosis, delineation of extent, prognostication and monitoring of therapeutic response in several neuropathological states.PET/CT is an important molecular imaging technique for the assessment ofneurological disorders. The most widely used radiopharmaceutical for both clinicaland research purposes is [18F] 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). It is extensivelyused owing to its favourable physical characteristics. It enables depiction of cerebralglucose metabolism, and has thus been used to study various pathological states.Despite this, FDG has its own limitations. This is owing to its limited specificity andhigh cortical uptake. This has paved the way for the development of several non-FDGPET radiopharmaceuticals. We present the insights gained at our institution, usingthese radiotracers in the assessment of neurological disease. Our study shows that theuse of FDG and non-FDG novel PET radiopharmaceuticals facilitates the earlydiagnosis, delineation of extent, prognostication and monitoring of therapeuticresponse in several neuropathological states

An Optimal Inventory Policy for Items Having Constant Demand and Constant Deterioration Rate with Trade Credit`

In most of the classical inventory models the demand is considered as constant. In this paper the model has been framed to study the items whose demand and deterioration both are constant. The authors developed a model to determine an optimal order quantity by using calculus technique of maxima and minima. Thus, it helps a retailer to decide its optimal ordering quantity under the constraints of constant deterioration rate and constant pattern of demand

Cross genome comparisons of serine proteases in Arabidopsis and rice

BACKGROUND: Serine proteases are one of the largest groups of proteolytic enzymes found across all kingdoms of life and are associated with several essential physiological pathways. The availability of Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) genome sequences has permitted the identification and comparison of the repertoire of serine protease-like proteins in the two plant species. RESULTS: Despite the differences in genome sizes between Arabidopsis and rice, we identified a very similar number of serine protease-like proteins in the two plant species (206 and 222, respectively). Nearly 40% of the above sequences were identified as potential orthologues. Atypical members could be identified in the plant genomes for Deg, Clp, Lon, rhomboid proteases and species-specific members were observed for the highly populated subtilisin and serine carboxypeptidase families suggesting multiple lateral gene transfers. DegP proteases, prolyl oligopeptidases, Clp proteases and rhomboids share a significantly higher percentage orthology between the two genomes indicating substantial evolutionary divergence was set prior to speciation. Single domain architectures and paralogues for several putative subtilisins, serine carboxypeptidases and rhomboids suggest they may have been recruited for additional roles in secondary metabolism with spatial and temporal regulation. The analysis reveals some domain architectures unique to either or both of the plant species and some inactive proteases, like in rhomboids and Clp proteases, which could be involved in chaperone function. CONCLUSION: The systematic analysis of the serine protease-like proteins in the two plant species has provided some insight into the possible functional associations of previously uncharacterised serine protease-like proteins. Further investigation of these aspects may prove beneficial in our understanding of similar processes in commercially significant crop plant species

Nuclear magnetic resonance probes for the Kondo scenario for the 0.7 feature in semiconductor quantum point contact devices

We propose a probe based on nuclear relaxation and Knight shift measurements for the Kondo scenario for the "0.7 feature" in semiconductor quantum point contact (QPC) devices. We show that the presence of a bound electron in the QPC would lead to a much higher rate of nuclear relaxation compared to nuclear relaxation through exchange of spin with conduction electrons. Furthermore, we show that the temperature dependence of this nuclear relaxation is very non-monotonic as opposed to the linear-T relaxation from coupling with conduction electrons. We present a qualitative analysis for the additional relaxation due to nuclear spin diffusion (NSD) and study the extent to which NSD affects the range of validity of our method. The conclusion is that nuclear relaxation, in combination with Knight shift measurements, can be used to verify whether the 0.7 feature is indeed due to the presence of a bound electron in the QPC.Comment: Published version. Appears in a Special Section on the 0.7 Feature and Interactions in One-Dimensional Systems. 16 page

Integrating phytoremediation into treatment of pulp and paper industry wastewater: Field observations of native plants for the detoxification of metals and their potential as part of a multidisciplinary strategy

This work aimed to explore the use of native herbs for the removal of heavy metals from pulp and paper industry wastewater, with the view of applying them as part of a multidisciplinary approach for detoxification. Results showed that after in-situ phytoremediation by the native herbs, the heavy metal, and metalloid contents in the wastewater were reduced by almost 60%. Heavy metal analysis of the plant tissues revealed that Fe accumulation was highest in all the tested plants. In general, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) was higher than one (>1) for all the metals except for Cd, suggesting most of the metals were concentrated in the plant tissues. In particular, As was concentrated significantly in Momordica doica and Cannabis sativa with elevated BCF of 269.46 and 131.20, respectively. High translocation factor (>1) was observed in P. hysterophorus and Tribulus terrestris for Cr (5.63) and Cd (7.53), respectively. Results showed most of the native plants examined in this study had hyperaccumulating tendency. Transmission electron microscope analysis of plant root tissues showed abundant metal depositions in the root cell wall, cytoplasm, and vacuole as strong evidence of the in-situ phytoremediation capability of these plants. Antioxidants activities of the plants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, hydrogen peroxidase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase production were also noted to be higher than the control. These results support the use of native plants as a novel green process that can be integrated into the multidisciplinary treatment of hazardous industrial wastewater in the polluted sites

Observational Evidence of Sausage-Pinch Instability in Solar Corona by SDO/AIA

We present the first observational evidence of the evolution of sausage-pinch instability in Active Region 11295 during a prominence eruption using data recorded on 12 September 2011 by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). We have identified a magnetic flux tube visible in AIA 304 \AA\ that shows curvatures on its surface with variable cross-sections as well as enhanced brightness. These curvatures evolved and thereafter smoothed out within a time-scale of a minute. The curved locations on the flux tube exhibit a radial outward enhancement of the surface of about 1-2 Mm (factor of 2 larger than the original thickness of the flux tube) from the equilibrium position. AIA 193 \AA\ snapshots also show the formation of bright knots and narrow regions inbetween at the four locations as that of 304 \AA\ along the flux tube where plasma emission is larger compared to the background. The formation of bright knots over an entire flux tube as well as the narrow regions in < 60 s may be the morphological signature of the sausage instability. We also find the flows of the confined plasma in these bright knots along the field lines, which indicates the dynamicity of the flux tube that probably causes the dominance of the longitudinal field component over short temporal scales. The observed longitudinal motion of the plasma frozen in the magnetic field lines further vanishes the formed curvatures and plasma confinements as well as growth of instability to stablize the flux tube.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

Distillery wastewater detoxification and management through phytoremediation employing Ricinus communis L.

This study aimed to assess the phytoremediation potential of Ricinus communis L. for heavy metals remediation via rhizospheric bacterial activities for distillery wastewater detoxification and management. Results revealed that distillery wastewater contained high levels of metals and other physico-chemical pollution parameters that could cause environmental pollution and aquatic toxicity. The identified bacterium produced several plant growth-promoting compounds including siderophores, ligninolytic enzymes, and indole acetic acid that resulted in nutrient enhancement and improved mineralization of metals in the plants during stress conditions. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of all the metals examined were > 1, which showed that these metals are accumulating in the root, shoot, and leaves of Ricinus communis L. Most of the metals are stabilised in the roots but Pb, Cd and Zn were translocated more to the shoots (TC>1). The ability of Ricinus communis L. to grow in metals- containing distillery wastewater and reduce heavy metals and organic contaminants suggests that it can be used to provide an effective treatment of distillery wastewater. The use of Ricinus communis L. is an eco-friendly tool for the reduction of organometallic contamination and protecting agricultural land

Photochemical and electrochemical properties of tetranuclear Ru (II) complexes

The luminescent and redox active multinuclear Ru (II) Complex containing both electron poor (2,3-bis (2-pyridyl) pyrazine, 2,3-dpp) and electron rich (3,5-bis (pyridyn-2yl)-1,2,4-&not;triazole, Hppt) polypyridine bridging ligands has been synthesized. The novel complex is [ (phen)2 Ru (&micro;-bpt)Ru{(&micro;-2,3-dpp) Ru(Phen)2}2]7+ (1:Phen-=1,10-Phenanthroline) Its absorption spectrum, luminescence properties, and redox behavior have been studied and compared with the properties of parent complexes [Ru {(&micro;-2,3-dpp) Ru (Phen)2}3]8+ (2) and [(Phen)2 Ru (&micro;-bpt) Ru (Phen)2]3+ (3). The absorption spectrum of 1 is dominated by ligand centered bands in the U.V. region and by metal to ligand CT bands in the visible region. Excited states and oxidation and reduction processes are localized in specific sites of the multicomponent structure. However, perturbations of each component on the redox and excited state properties, as well as electronic interactions between the chromospheres can be observed. Intercomponent energy transfer from the upper lying (&micro;-bpt) (Phen) Ru ï§Phen CT &not;excited state of the Ru (Phen)2 (&micro;-bpt)+ component to the lower lying (Phen)2 RUï§ &micro; 2,3-dpp CT excited - state of the Ru (Phen)2 (&micro;-2,3-dpp)2+ subunit(s) is efficient in fluid solution at room . And the process is not observed in a rigid matrix at 77 K. A two step energy transfer mechanism is proposed to explain the photophysical properties of the new complex