Evaluation of fatty acid profile with special reference to hypertension intake from marine edible fishes

The present study describes the changes in fatty acid profile in hypertension patients by up taking the marine edible fishes Elutherenema tetradactylum, Sphyraena obtusata and Siganus javus because these marine edible fishes are rich in ? –fatty acids.  In this study the total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were significantly decreased from 211.9 – 202.1 mg/dl, 177-159.6 mg/dl. The palmitic acid (C16:0) was found significantly higher in all of peoples compared with other SFAs. This study revealed that the most abundant in individual FAs 16:0,18:0,18:1 n9 and 20:2 n6 were present in blood in both before and after dietary intake. The minimal changes of SFAs levels were decreased averagely from 59.2 to 52.2%. In addition to above PUFAs also increased from 27.7-30.5%. The essential FAs like ALA (C18:3n3), EPA (C20:5n3) and DHA (C22:6n3) were accounting in the range of 2.64-2.92%, 3.67-3.94% and 3.65-4.38%. Omega – 6/3 ratio were recorded from 1.77-2.45%. This study proves the marine edible fishes reduce the hypertension of the patients. Keywords: Edible fishes, ? –fatty acids, SFAs, HDL and LD

Bioactive potential of sea urchin Temnopleurus toreumaticus from Devanampattinam, Southeast coast of India

The present investigation elucidates the bioactive potential of aqueous extract of sea urchin Temnopleurus toreumaticus. In this investigation biochemical, heamolytic, cytotoxic and FT-IR analysis were followed by standard methods. In biochemical analysis, proteins content 2.70 mgmL-1, total carbohydrates content 2.15 mgmL-1 and total lipids content 0.03 mgmL-1 were showed in aqueous extract of sea urchin. In heamolytic assay, the goat and chicken erythrocytes showed the maximum 64 Hemolytic Unit (HU) and human blood group “A” shows 32 HU, blood group “B” shows 64 HU, blood group “AB” shows 32 HU and blood group “O” shows 128 HU. In cytotoxic study, aqueous extract of sea urchin showed LC50 value 0.12±0.09 mgmL-1 concentration was showed 50% mortality. In antimicrobial assay, maximum zone inhibition 12.26 ± 0.6 mm showed by K. oxytoca and 3.33 ± 0.9 mm showed by Mucor sp. against chloroform extract of sea urchin T. toreumaticus. Thin layer chromatogram showed the spots of Rf values of 0.38, 0.85 cm. The FT-IR study shows the presence of functional groups such as chloroalkanes, bromoalkanes, iodoalkanes, alcohols groups, acids or aromatic ethers, methyl alkyl groups, 1° amines groups and ammonium ions. These results indicate that, sea urchin has remarkable hemolytic and cytotoxic activities.Keywords: Antimicrobial Assay, Biochemical, FT-IR, Sea Urchin, Heamolyti

A study on coating of Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose incorporated with a nano-emulsion of Piper betel leaf essential oil to enhance shelf-life and improve postharvest quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Edible coating films derived from essential oils effectively preserve farm produce, especially fruits and vegetables, and the technology is widely prevalent in improving their shelf life. The present study aimed to reduce the post-harvest loss and extend the shelf life of tomatoes using edible coatings based on Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) containing Piper betel leaf essential oil nano-emulsion as an antibacterial and bioactive compound. It also aimed for optimal extraction of essential oils (EO) from Piper betel leaves which contain various medicinal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant compounds such as chavibetol, eugenol, and other compounds. The essential oils were extracted, and nano-emulsion was prepared by a low-energy emulsification method and incorporated into edible HPMC composite to determine whether the edible coatings of the nano-emulsion of Piper betel leaf could delay the changes that lead to deterioration of the fruit. Results showed that the coatings delayed 5 % changes in color, 8% weight loss, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, soluble solids concentration, lycopene, and decay percentage, compared to uncoated control fruits. It was inferred that tomatoes that were coated with 15% nano-emulsion containing dipping solution showed a significant increase in the shelf life of tomatoes up to 8 days. Therefore, it is suggested to use HPMC containing the Piper betel oil nano-emulsion as an edible coating, extending the shelf-life of tomato fruits post-harvest

Transport coefficients for an inelastic gas around uniform shear flow: Linear stability analysis

The inelastic Boltzmann equation for a granular gas is applied to spatially inhomogeneous states close to the uniform shear flow. A normal solution is obtained via a Chapman-Enskog-like expansion around a local shear flow distribution. The heat and momentum fluxes are determined to first order in the deviations of the hydrodynamic field gradients from their values in the reference state. The corresponding transport coefficients are determined from a set of coupled linear integral equations which are approximately solved by using a kinetic model of the Boltzmann equation. The main new ingredient in this expansion is that the reference state $f^{(0)}$ (zeroth-order approximation) retains all the hydrodynamic orders in the shear rate. In addition, since the collisional cooling cannot be compensated locally for viscous heating, the distribution $f^{(0)}$ depends on time through its dependence on temperature. This means that in general, for a given degree of inelasticity, the complete nonlinear dependence of the transport coefficients on the shear rate requires the analysis of the {\em unsteady} hydrodynamic behavior. To simplify the analysis, the steady state conditions have been considered here in order to perform a linear stability analysis of the hydrodynamic equations with respect to the uniform shear flow state. Conditions for instabilities at long wavelengths are identified and discussed.Comment: 7 figures; previous stability analysis modifie

Enhancing Skin Cancer Diagnosis with Deep Learning-Based Classification

The diagnosis of skin cancer has been identified as a significant medical challenge in the 21st century due to its complexity, cost, and subjective interpretation. Early diagnosis is critical, especially in fatal cases like melanoma, as it affects the likelihood of successful treatment. Therefore, there is a need for automated methods in early diagnosis, especially with a diverse range of image samples with varying diagnoses. An automated system for dermatological disease recognition through image analysis has been proposed and compared to conventional medical personnel-based detection. This project proposes an automated technique for skin cancer classification using images from the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) dataset, incorporating deep learning (DL) techniques that have demonstrated significant advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) research. An automated system that recognizes and classifies skin cancer through deep learning techniques could prove useful in the medical field, as it can accurately detect the presence of skin cancer at an early stage. The ISIC dataset, which includes a vast collection of images of various skin conditions, provides an excellent opportunity to develop and validate deep learning algorithms for skin cancer classification. The proposed technique could have a significant impact on the medical industry by reducing the workload of medical personnel while providing accurate and timely diagnoses.

Gene therapy for Leber congenital amaurosis

Introduction: Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a group of recessively inherited, early infantile-onset, severe rod-cone dystrophies that can result from defects in at least 25 genes, including RPE65, CEP290, RDH12, AIPL1 and GUCY2D. The possibility of benefit is offered by therapeutic intervention to provide the functional gene that is otherwise lacking. Areas covered: We searched PubMed for publications using the relevant keywords. Expert commentary: Clinical trials of gene therapy for LCA owing to defects in RPE65 have demonstrated benefit with improved function of rod photoreceptor cells. A gene therapy for this condition has been approved by the FDA. Ongoing clinical trials aim to determine whether cone photoreceptor cell function can be protected by appropriate gene delivery at an early stage of the disease. Clinical trials of gene therapy for LCA owing to defects in 5 other genes are planned

Factors Influencing Source of Coping Strategies in Health in Marine Fishers During COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study of Kerala, India

The southwestern state of Kerala has long been considered a model on account of its achievement in health and education at relatively lower levels of income. During the pandemic, the state achieved global attention in the handling of the pandemic and while there was universal acceptance of the role of the government in providing and maintaining health, the idea of health itself was widened to include aspects of well-being and the role of the community including neighborhood groups were prominent in the state. Thus, one could say that health and healthcare provision underwent a vital shift. As public health broadened to include aspects of well-being, there was a greater need to bring in communities and their perspectives as providers and facilitators of health, rather than as recipients of health services alone. In this aspect of constructing a novel approach to health provision, we believe our study based on the impact of COVID-19 on the marine fisheries sector proves to be particularly illuminating. We explore the various coping strategies in health (Institutional, economic and social) as well as sources that provide institutional, social and economic health strategies- whether it is the government, community, or self/family. Further, we try to find if socio-demographic factors influence the choices of the individual. Our findings point out that while universal policies in provision especially during events like the pandemic are crucial; there is a need to focus on individual factors affecting the choices. This could potentially assist in more equitable and efficient accessing and utilising the resources

Mutations in LRRK2 linked to Parkinson disease sequester Rab8a to damaged lysosomes and regulate transferrin-mediated iron uptake in microglia

Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause autosomal dominant Parkinson disease (PD), while polymorphic LRRK2 variants are associated with sporadic PD. PD-linked mutations increase LRRK2 kinase activity and induce neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. The small GTPase Rab8a is a LRRK2 kinase substrate and is involved in receptor-mediated recycling and endocytic trafficking of transferrin, but the effect of PD-linked LRRK2 mutations on the function of Rab8a is poorly understood. Here, we show that gain-of-function mutations in LRRK2 induce sequestration of endogenous Rab8a to lysosomes in overexpression cell models, while pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity reverses this phenotype. Furthermore, we show that LRRK2 mutations drive association of endocytosed transferrin with Rab8a-positive lysosomes. LRRK2 has been nominated as an integral part of cellular responses downstream of proinflammatory signals and is activated in microglia in postmortem PD tissue. Here, we show that iPSC-derived microglia from patients carrying the most common LRRK2 mutation, G2019S, mistraffic transferrin to lysosomes proximal to the nucleus in proinflammatory conditions. Furthermore, G2019S knock-in mice show a significant increase in iron deposition in microglia following intrastriatal LPS injection compared to wild-type mice, accompanied by striatal accumulation of ferritin. Our data support a role of LRRK2 in modulating iron uptake and storage in response to proinflammatory stimuli in microglia

Expression of drought responsive genes in pigeonpea and in silico comparison with soybean cDNA library

Pigeonpea, a drought tolerant, semi-arid pulse crop has been investigated for the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under drought stress. The cDNA library of soybean leaf tissue retrieved from the Unigene database of the NCBI, were compared for in silico expression using IDEG6 web statistical tool. A list of 52 non-redundant DEGs consisting of 11 up-regulated and 41 down-regulated was obtained. Among these, more photosynthesis and light harvesting proteins were down-regulated in drought stress conditions. Pathways were assigned based on KEGG database, revealing 32 genes involved in 17 metabolic pathways. Homologous sequences of six up-regulated genes namely, ADF3, APB, ASR, DLP, LTP1, and UGE5 were then used for quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in pigeonpea. The qRT-PCR result revealed the significant up-regulation of dehydrin-like protein (DLP) (5.02 log2 fold) and down-regulation of acid phosphatase class B family protein (APB) (9.43 log2 fold) and non-specific lipid transfer protein 1-like (LTP1) (18.81 log2 fold) in pigeonpea water-stressed leaf sample compared to well-watered leaf samples. No significant difference was observed in the stressed root compared to the stressed pigeonpea leaf sample except that APB showed an up-regulation of 11.35 log2 fold chang