АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ КАРЦИНОИДНОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ СЕРДЦА (КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ)

ABSTRACT. We report a case of progressive carcinoid heart disease (cHD) having caused readmission of a patient after excision of endocardium with arterial intima and multiple valve replacement. The data prove that in cases of combined valve heart disease of the right side it is necessary to assume the high probability of the carcinoid disease. Therefore, in spite of the high value of echocardiography, multispiral computed tomography (MScT), confirming the diagnosis, detecting metastases in different organs and determining the localization of the primary tumor, becomes particularly important. open heart surgery can be effective only when accompanied by operative therapy for the primary tumor with the use of somatostatin analogues. РЕЗЮМЕ. Представлены данные, свидетельствующие о прогрессировании карциноидной болезни сердца, послужившие поводом для повторной госпитализации больной после эндокардинтимэктомии и множественного протезирования клапанов. Данные подтверждают, что в случаях сочетанного поражения клапанов правых отделов сердца следует исходить из высокой вероятности их карциноидного поражения. В этой связи, наряду с эхокардиографией особую ценность приобретает мультиспиральная компьютерная томография, позволяющая подтвердить диагноз, выявить метастазы в различных органах и определить локализацию первичного очага. Операция на открытом сердце может быть эффективной только в сочетании с хирургическим лечением первичной опухоли и использованием аналогов соматостатина

Development of Neh2-Luciferase Reporter and Its Application for High Throughput Screening and Real-Time Monitoring of Nrf2 Activators

SummaryThe NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcriptional regulator of antioxidant defense and detoxification. To directly monitor stabilization of Nrf2, we fused its Neh2 domain, responsible for the interaction with its nucleocytoplasmic regulator, Keap1, to firefly luciferase (Neh2-luciferase). We show that Neh2 domain is sufficient for recognition, ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation of Neh2-luciferase fusion protein. The Neh2-luc reporter system allows direct monitoring of the adaptive response to redox stress and classification of drugs based on the time course of reporter activation. The reporter was used to screen the Spectrum library of 2000 biologically active compounds to identify activators of Nrf2. The most robust and yet nontoxic Nrf2 activators found—nordihydroguaiaretic acid, fisetin, and gedunin—induced astrocyte-dependent neuroprotection from oxidative stress via an Nrf2-dependent mechanism

Coupling of Semiconductor Nanowires with Neurons and Their Interfacial Structure

We report on the compatibility of various nanowires with hippocampal neurons and the structural study of the neuron–nanowire interface. Si, Ge, SiGe, and GaN nanowires are compatible with hippocampal neurons due to their native oxide, but ZnO nanowires are toxic to neuron due to a release of Zn ion. The interfaces of fixed Si nanowire and hippocampal neuron, cross-sectional samples, were prepared by focused ion beam and observed by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the processes of neuron were adhered well on the nanowire without cleft

Random-Matrix Theory of Quantum Transport

This is a comprehensive review of the random-matrix approach to the theory of phase-coherent conduction in mesocopic systems. The theory is applied to a variety of physical phenomena in quantum dots and disordered wires, including universal conductance fluctuations, weak localization, Coulomb blockade, sub-Poissonian shot noise, reflectionless tunneling into a superconductor, and giant conductance oscillations in a Josephson junction.Comment: 85 pages including 52 figures, to be published in Rev.Mod.Phy

Harnessing hypoxic adaptation to prevent, treat, and repair stroke

The brain demands oxygen and glucose to fulfill its roles as the master regulator of body functions as diverse as bladder control and creative thinking. Chemical and electrical transmission in the nervous system is rapidly disrupted in stroke as a result of hypoxia and hypoglycemia. Despite being highly evolved in its architecture, the human brain appears to utilize phylogenetically conserved homeostatic strategies to combat hypoxia and ischemia. Specifically, several converging lines of inquiry have demonstrated that the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1-1) mediates the activation of a large cassette of genes involved in adaptation to hypoxia in surviving neurons after stroke. Accordingly, pharmacological or molecular approaches that engage hypoxic adaptation at the point of one of its sensors (e.g., inhibition of HIF prolyl 4 hydroxylases) leads to profound sparing of brain tissue and enhanced recovery of function. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms that could subserve protective and restorative effects of augmenting hypoxic adaptation in the brain. The strategy appears to involve HIF-dependent and HIF-independent pathways and more than 70 genes and proteins activated transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally that can act at cellular, local, and system levels to compensate for oxygen insufficiency. The breadth and depth of this homeostatic program offers a hopeful alternative to the current pessimism towards stroke therapeutics

CURRENT ISSUES OF CARCINOID HEART DISEASE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT (CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS)

ABSTRACT. We report a case of progressive carcinoid heart disease (cHD) having caused readmission of a patient after excision of endocardium with arterial intima and multiple valve replacement. The data prove that in cases of combined valve heart disease of the right side it is necessary to assume the high probability of the carcinoid disease. Therefore, in spite of the high value of echocardiography, multispiral computed tomography (MScT), confirming the diagnosis, detecting metastases in different organs and determining the localization of the primary tumor, becomes particularly important. open heart surgery can be effective only when accompanied by operative therapy for the primary tumor with the use of somatostatin analogues